Assessment in Speech-Language Pathology A Resource Manual

by ;
Edition: 3rd
Format: Spiral Bound
Pub. Date: 2004-03-08
Publisher(s): Delmar Cengage Learning
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Summary

This valuable reference is a cornerstone resource for clinicians working with the gamut of communication disorders. This new edition has a completely updated design, with the addition of a second color to highlight key content. The book has been updated to include two new chapters on foundation of assessment and multicultural issues in assessment to make this the most comprehensive resource manual on assessment in speech-language pathology. It continues to offer users a wide range of procedures and materials for obtaining and interpreting assessment data, and reporting assessment findings to clients, caregivers, and other professionals - all of which are directly applicable to clinical work and are useful instructional tools for students. To help the clinician and student access more specific disorder and assessment information, each chapter concludes with a section called Sources of Additional Information containing references and websites. This new edition comes with a free CD-ROM containing additional resources and the forms from the text in several formats for users to download, print and photocopy, and modify for individual clinical use.

Table of Contents

Tables
xi
Forms xii
Figures
xiii
Preface xv
About the Authors xvii
Acknowledgments xix
PART I PREPARATORY CONSIDERATIONS
1(54)
Foundations of Assessment
3(16)
Overview of Assessment
4(1)
Psychometric Principles
5(2)
Validity
5(1)
Reliability
6(1)
Standardization
7(1)
Assessment Methods
7(5)
Norm-Referenced Tests
7(2)
Criterion-Referenced Tests
9(1)
Authentic Assessment Approach
10(2)
Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education
12(2)
Concluding Comments
14(1)
Sources of Additional Information
14(1)
Forms
15(4)
Multicultural Considerations
19(36)
Preassessment Knowledge
20(5)
Know the Culture of the Client
20(3)
Know the History of the Client
23(1)
Know the Normal Communicative Patterns of the Client's Dominant Language
23(1)
Normal Patterns of Second Language Acquisition
24(1)
Planning and Completing the Assessment
25(2)
Making a Diagnosis
27(1)
Working with Interpreters
28(1)
Concluding Comments
29(1)
Sources of Additional Information
30(1)
Forms
31(7)
Appendix 2-A Speech and Language Characteristics of African American English
38(6)
Appendix 2-B Speech and Language Characteristics of Spanish
44(9)
Appendix 2-C Speech and Language Characteristics of Asian Languages
53(2)
PART II OBTAINING, INTERPRETING, AND REPORTING ASSESSMENT INFORMATION
55(92)
Obtaining Preassessment Information
57(25)
Written Case Histories
58(1)
Allergy Awareness
59(1)
Information-Getting Interviews
59(5)
Questions Common to Various Communicative Disorders
60(1)
Questions Common to Specific Communicative Disorders
61(3)
Information from Other Professionals
64(1)
Concluding Comments
65(1)
Sources of Additional Information
66(1)
Forms
67(12)
Appendix 3-A Sample Release of Information
79(1)
Appendix 3-B Sample Request for Information
80(1)
Appendix 3-C Sample Referral for Medical Evaluation
81(1)
Evaluating Preassessment Information
82(37)
Speech, Language, and Motor Development
83(7)
Medical Conditions Associated with Communicative Disorders
90(11)
Syndromes Associated with Communicative Disorders
101(14)
Standard Medical Abbreviations
115(2)
Concluding Comments
117(1)
Sources of Additional Information
117(2)
Reporting Assessment Findings
119(28)
Information-Giving Interviews
120(1)
Illustrations to Use When Conveying Information
121(3)
Writing Assessment Reports
124(3)
Clinical Correspondence
127(1)
Writing SOAP Notes
127(1)
Concluding Comments
128(1)
Sources of Additional Information
129(1)
Appendix 5-A Three Sample Clinical Reports
130(10)
Appendix 5-B Sample Release of Information Form
140(1)
Appendix 5-C Three Sample Clinical Correspondences
141(6)
PART III RESOURCES FOR ASSESSING COMMUNICATIVE DISORDERS
147(332)
Assessment Procedures Common to Most Communicative Disorders
149(47)
Oral-Facial Examination
150(3)
Interpreting the Oral-Facial Examination
150(2)
Assessing Diadochokinetic Syllable Rates
152(1)
Speech and Language Sampling
153(15)
Conversation Starters for Eliciting a Speech-Language Sample
153(1)
Pictures
154(5)
Narratives with Pictures
159(9)
Evaluating Rate of Speech
168(1)
Determining Speech Rate
168(1)
Determining Intelligibility
169(1)
Syllable-by-Syllable Stimulus Phrases
170(4)
Reading Passages
174(9)
Charting
183(1)
Concluding Comments
184(1)
Sources of Additional Information
184(2)
Chapter 6 Forms
186(10)
Assessment of Articulation and Phonological Disorders
196(32)
Overview of Assessment
197(1)
Screening
198(1)
Formal Tests
199(1)
Speech Sampling
200(1)
Identifying Sound Errors
200(1)
Stimulability
201(6)
Assessing Stimulability of Consonants
201(6)
Developmental Norms for Phonemes and Blends
207(4)
Frequencies of Occurrence of Consonants
211(1)
Descriptive Features of Phonemes
212(1)
Distinctive Features of Consonants
213(1)
Phonological Processes
214(5)
Concluding Comments
219(1)
Sources of Additional Information
219(1)
Chapter 7 Forms
220(8)
Assessment of Language
228(59)
Overview of Assessment
229(3)
Assessment Approaches
230(1)
Components of Language
231(1)
Language Disorder Categories
231(1)
Screening
232(1)
Assessment of Early Language Development
232(7)
Piaget's Stages of Early Cognitive Development
236(3)
Late Talker vs. Language Disordered
239(1)
Formal Language Testing
239(3)
Informal Assessment
242(1)
Language Sampling and Analysis
243(1)
Determining the Mean Length of Utterance
244(3)
Assessment of Pragmatic Skills
247(1)
Assessment of Semantic Skills
247(2)
Determining the Type-Token Ratio
249(1)
Assessment of Syntactic Skills
249(3)
Assessment of Morphologic Skills
252(1)
Making a Diagnosis
253(1)
Concluding Comments
254(1)
Sources of Additional Information
254(2)
Chapter 8 Forms
256(31)
Assessment of Fluency
287(28)
Overview of Assessment
289(1)
Speech Sampling
289(1)
Evaluating the Speech Sample
290(1)
Descriptions of Dysfluencies
290(1)
Dysfluency Indexes
291(1)
Associated Motor Behaviors
292(1)
Physiological Factors
293(1)
Speech Rate
293(1)
Assessing Feelings and Attitudes
293(2)
Parental Concern
294(1)
Avoidance and Expectancy
294(1)
Criteria for Diagnosing Stuttering
295(2)
Estimating Severity
297(1)
Stimulability
297(1)
Cluttering
298(2)
Assessment
298(2)
Stimulability
300(1)
Concluding Comments
300(1)
Sources of Additional Information
300(2)
Chapter 9 Forms
302(13)
Assessment of Voice and Resonance
315(20)
Overview of Assessment
316(1)
Screening
317(2)
Need for Medical Evaluation
319(1)
Examining the Voice
319(1)
Assessment Instrumentation
320(1)
Normal Fundamental Frequencies
320(2)
Assessing Breathing and Breath Support
322(1)
The S/Z Ratio
323(1)
Assessing Resonance
324(2)
Hypernasality
325(1)
Assimilation Nasality
325(1)
Hyponasality
326(1)
Assessing Velopharyngeal Function
326(2)
The Pressure Consonants
326(2)
The Modified Tongue Anchor Procedure
328(1)
Stimulability
328(1)
Concluding Comments
328(1)
Sources of Additional Information
329(1)
Chapter 10 Forms
330(5)
Assessment of Neurologically Based Communicative Disorders
335(62)
Overview of Assessment
336(2)
The Cranial Nerves
338(1)
Differential Characteristics of Dysarthria and Apraxia
338(2)
Assessment of Dysarthria
340(2)
Assessment of Apraxia
342(2)
Developmental Apraxia of Speech
344(1)
Assessment of Aphasia
344(4)
Assessment of Right Hemisphere Syndrome
348(2)
Assessment of Clients with Traumatic Brain Injury
350(4)
Assessment of Clients with Dementia
354(3)
Concluding Comments
357(1)
Sources of Additional Information
357(4)
Chapter 11 Forms
361(36)
Assessment of Dysphagia
397(13)
Overview of Assessment
398(1)
Overview of a Normal Swallow
399(1)
Bedside Assessment of Dysphagia
399(3)
Administration and Interpretation
400(2)
Videofluoroscopy and Videoendoscopy
402(1)
Videofluoroscopy
402(1)
Videoendoscopy
402(1)
Bedside Assessment of the Tracheostomized Client
403(1)
The Blue-Dye Test
404(1)
Concluding Comments
404(1)
Sources of Additional Information
405(1)
Chapter 12 Form
406(4)
Assessment of Four Special Populations
410(49)
Overview of Assessment
411(2)
Assessment of Clients with Autism Spectrum Disorder
413(8)
Characteristics of the Five Autism Spectrum Disorders
413(1)
Early Indicators of Autism Spectrum Disorder
414(4)
Assessment and Diagnosis
418(3)
Assessment for Augmentative or Alternative Communication (AAC)
421(4)
Assessing Sensory and Motor Capabilities
422(1)
Assessing Language and Cognitive Skills
423(1)
Determining the Most Appropriate AAC System
424(1)
Assessment of Laryngectomees
425(5)
Alaryngeal Communication Options
427(3)
Assessment of Clients with Cleft Lip or Palate
430(4)
Assessing Speech and Resonance
432(2)
Concluding Comments
434(1)
Sources of Additional Information
434(3)
Chapter 13 Forms
437(22)
Assessment of Hearing
459(20)
Types of Hearing Losses
460(1)
Conductive Hearing Loss
460(1)
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
460(1)
Mixed Hearing Loss
461(1)
Central Auditory Disorder
461(1)
Retrocochlear Pathology
461(1)
Standard Classification of Hearing Loss and the Effects on Communicative Development
461(2)
Screening
463(1)
Interpreting Audiograms and Tympanograms
463(8)
Audiograms
463(5)
Tympanograms
468(3)
Speech Audiometry
471(1)
Environmental Noise Levels
471(2)
Hearing Aids
473(2)
Troubleshooting Hearing Aid Problems
473(2)
Cochlear Implants
475(1)
Vibrotactile Aids
475(1)
Concluding Comments
476(1)
Sources of Additional Information
476(1)
Chapter 14 Form
477(2)
Glossary 479(12)
References 491(10)
Index 501

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