Ceramic Processing and Sintering

by ;
Edition: 2nd
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2003-07-31
Publisher(s): CRC Press
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Summary

As the field's premiere source, this reference is extensively revised and expanded to collect hard-to-find applications, equations, derivations, and examples illustrating the latest developments in ceramic processing technology. This book is concerned primarily with the processing of polycrystalline ceramics and focuses on the widespread fabrication of ceramics by the firing of consolidated powders forms. A brief treatment of sol-gel processing is also included. Ceramic Processing and Sintering, Second Edition provides clear and intensive discussions on colloidal and sol-gel processing, sintering of ceramics, and kinetic processes in materials. From powder synthesis and consolidation to sintering and densification behavior, this latest edition emphasizes the impact of each processing procedure on ceramic properties. The second edition also contains new and extended discussions on colloid stability, polymer growth and gelation, additives in ceramic forming, diffusion and defect strucutre, normal and abnormal grain growth, microwave sintering, Rayleigh instability effects, and Ostwald ripening. Illustrating the interconnectedness between the various steps in the overall fabrication route, Ceramic Processing and Sintering, Second Edition approaches the fundamental issues of each process and show how they are applied to the practical fabrication of ceramics.

Author Biography

M. N. Rahaman is Professor of Ceramic Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Editionp. v
Preface to the First Editionp. vii
Ceramic Fabrication Processes: An Introductory Overviewp. 1
Introductionp. 1
Ceramic Fabrication Processesp. 3
Production of Polycrystalline Ceramics from Powders: An Overviewp. 28
A Case Study in Processing: The Fabrication of TiO[subscript 2] from Powdersp. 41
Concluding Remarksp. 43
Problemsp. 44
Referencesp. 45
Synthesis of Powdersp. 49
Introductionp. 49
Desirable Powder Characteristicsp. 49
Powder Synthesis Methodsp. 51
Powder Preparation by Mechanical Methodsp. 52
Powder Synthesis by Chemical Methodsp. 62
Concluding Remarksp. 118
Problemsp. 118
Referencesp. 120
Powder Characterizationp. 125
Introductionp. 125
Physical Characterizationp. 126
Chemical Compositionp. 156
Crystal Structure and Phase Compositionp. 162
Surface Characterizationp. 164
Concluding Remarksp. 176
Problemsp. 177
Referencesp. 179
Science of Colloidal Processingp. 181
Introductionp. 181
Types of Colloidsp. 183
Attractive Surface Forcesp. 183
Stabilization of Colloidal Suspensionsp. 190
Electrostatic Stabilizationp. 191
Steric Stabilizationp. 211
Electrosteric Stabilizationp. 222
Structure of Consolidated Colloidsp. 227
Rheology of Colloidal Suspensionsp. 230
Concluding Remarksp. 242
Problemsp. 243
Referencesp. 245
Sol-Gel Processingp. 248
Introductionp. 248
Types of Gelsp. 250
Sol-Gel Processing of Aqueous Silicatesp. 254
Metal Alkoxidesp. 260
Sol-Gel Processing of Silicon Alkoxidesp. 266
Sol-Gel Preparation Techniquesp. 305
Applications of Sol-Gel Processingp. 315
Concluding Remarksp. 323
Problemsp. 323
Referencesp. 324
Powder Consolidation and Forming of Ceramicsp. 328
Introductionp. 328
Packing of Particlesp. 330
Additives and Ceramic Formingp. 344
Forming of Ceramicsp. 360
Drying of Granular Ceramicsp. 405
Binder Removalp. 409
Green Microstructures and Their Characterizationp. 418
Concluding Remarksp. 418
Problemsp. 419
Referencesp. 421
Sintering of Ceramics: Fundamentalsp. 425
Introductionp. 425
Driving Force for Sinteringp. 427
Defects in Crystalline Solidsp. 428
Diffusion in Crystalline Solidsp. 441
Chemical Potentialp. 451
Diffusional Flux Equationsp. 459
Vapor Pressure Over a Curved Surfacep. 461
Diffusion in Ionic Crystals: Ambipolar Diffusionp. 462
Concluding Remarksp. 466
Problemsp. 467
Referencesp. 468
Theory of Solid-State and Viscous Sinteringp. 470
Introductionp. 470
Mechanisms of Sinteringp. 471
Effects of Grain Boundariesp. 473
Theoretical Analysis of Sinteringp. 476
Scaling Lawsp. 477
Analytical Modelsp. 482
Numerical Simulation of Sinteringp. 506
Phenomenological Sintering Equationsp. 510
Sintering Diagramsp. 511
Sintering with an Externally Applied Pressurep. 514
The Stress Intensification Factorp. 522
The Sintering Stressp. 524
Measurement of the Sintering Stress and Stress Intensification Factorp. 527
Alternative Derivation of the Sintering Equationsp. 530
Concluding Remarksp. 535
Problemsp. 536
Referencesp. 537
Grain Growth and Microstructure Controlp. 540
Introductionp. 540
General Features of Grain Growthp. 541
Ostwald Ripening: The LSW Theoryp. 546
Topological and Interfacial Tension Requirementsp. 554
Normal Grain Growth in Dense Solidsp. 556
Abnormal Grain Growth in Dense Solidsp. 567
Mechanisms Controlling the Boundary Mobilityp. 573
Grain Growth and Pore Evaluation in Porous Solidsp. 585
Simultaneous Densification and Grain Growthp. 602
Fabrication Principles for Ceramics with Controlled Microstructurep. 611
Concluding Remarksp. 614
Problemsp. 615
Referencesp. 616
Liquid-Phase Sinteringp. 620
Introductionp. 620
Elementary Features of Liquid-Phase Sinteringp. 622
Stages of Liquid-Phase Sinteringp. 624
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Factorsp. 627
Grain Boundary Filmsp. 639
The Basic Mechanisms of Liquid-Phase Sinteringp. 646
Hot Pressing with a Liquid Phasep. 670
Use of Phase Diagrams in Liquid-Phase Sinteringp. 671
Activated Sinteringp. 677
Vitrificationp. 678
Concluding Remarksp. 682
Problemsp. 684
Referencesp. 685
Special Topics in Sinteringp. 688
Introductionp. 688
Rayleigh Instability and Microstructural Evolutionp. 689
Inhomogeneities and Their Effects on Sinteringp. 693
Constrained Sintering I: Rigid Inclusionsp. 702
Constrained Sintering II: Adherent Thin Films and Multilayersp. 723
Thin Films: Grain Growth and Dimensional Stabilityp. 733
Solid Solution Additives and the Sintering of Ceramicsp. 739
Sintering with Chemical Reaction: Reaction Sinteringp. 754
Viscous Sintering with Crystallizationp. 763
Concluding Remarksp. 773
Problemsp. 774
Referencesp. 775
Densification Process Variables and Densification Practicep. 779
Introductionp. 779
Conventional Sinteringp. 780
Microwave Sinteringp. 818
Pressure Sinteringp. 829
Concluding Remarksp. 841
Problemsp. 841
Referencesp. 843
Physical Constantsp. 847
SI Units--Names and Symbolsp. 849
Conversion of Units and Decimal Fractions and Multiplesp. 851
Ionic Crystal Radii (in units of 10[superscript -10] m)p. 853
Density and Melting Point of Some Elements, Ceramics, and Mineralsp. 855
Aperture Size of U.S. Standard Wire Mesh Sieves (ASTM E 11:87)p. 859
Indexp. 861
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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