Indians lived scattered on the Great Plains of North America for thousands of years, traveling slowly on foot and using dogs to help drag the travois sledges carrying their goods. Then in the early sixteenth century Spaniards arrived, bringing their horses with them. Horses were vital to the Spaniards, so they outlawed the trading and selling of horses to the Indians. But horses escaped from captivity and lived in the wild, and Indians quickly realized how valuable they could be. Their culture was transformed. The Plains Indians, especially the Blackfoot and the Crow, used their horses to travel across the mountains and hunt buffalo, while the Nez Perce in Idaho and Oregon became famous for developing the spotted Appaloosa. Horses are now used in Indian fairs and rodeos. Young people especially take pride in proving their endurance during the Big Foot memorial ride to honor those who died during the Wounded Knee massacre.