An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
by Clark, John W.; Yallop, Collin; Fletcher, JanetEdition: 3rd
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2007-01-05
Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell
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Summary
This fully revised third edition integrates updated references, new findings, and modern theories, to present readers with the most thorough and complete introduction to phonetics and phonology. Exceptionally thorough, including detailed attention to articulatory and acoustic phonetics as well as to the foundations of phonological analysis Features a number of valuable changes, incorporating new material on the latest findings in speech production studies; greater coverage of prosody, including a major section on autosegmental metrical models; expanded coverage of phonology, including Optimality Theory; and sections on L1 and L2 acquisition, and sociolectal variation Integrates new findings, theories references throughout, offering students the most thorough and complete knowledge of the subject to date Includes 125 figures throughout.
Author Biography
John Clark is Professor Emeritus at the University of Western Sydney and Adjunct Professor at Macquarie University.
Colin Yallop is Adjunct Professor in English at Macquarie University, an Honorary Fellow in the School of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Melbourne, and Chief Editor of the Macquarie Dictionary.
Janet Fletcher is Associate Professor in the School of Languages and Linguistics at the University of Melbourne.
Table of Contents
| List of Figures | p. x |
| List of Tables | p. xiv |
| Preface to the Third Edition | p. xv |
| List of Abbreviations | p. xvi |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Phonetics and phonology | p. 1 |
| Theory and analysis | p. 4 |
| Applications of phonetics and phonology | p. 6 |
| Outline of this book | p. 7 |
| Exercises | p. 9 |
| Segmental Articulation | p. 10 |
| Introduction | p. 10 |
| A functional overview of the speech production process | p. 11 |
| The organs of speech | p. 15 |
| Describing speech sounds | p. 16 |
| Airstream mechanisms | p. 16 |
| Modes of phonation | p. 19 |
| Vocalic sounds | p. 22 |
| Duration and glide in vocalic articulations | p. 32 |
| Consonantal sounds | p. 36 |
| Vocal tract place | p. 38 |
| Tongue position | p. 41 |
| Manner of articulation | p. 43 |
| Stricture | p. 49 |
| Force | p. 51 |
| Length | p. 51 |
| Voice onset | p. 52 |
| Exercises | p. 53 |
| Units of Speech | p. 55 |
| Introduction | p. 55 |
| Identifying the units of speech | p. 56 |
| Complex articulations | p. 61 |
| Nasalization | p. 62 |
| Labialization | p. 63 |
| Palatalization | p. 64 |
| Velarization and pharyngealization | p. 64 |
| Affrication | p. 65 |
| Double articulation | p. 65 |
| Vowel retroflexion | p. 66 |
| Diphthongization | p. 66 |
| Syllabicity | p. 67 |
| Segmentation and structure | p. 69 |
| Diphthongs and related phenomena | p. 71 |
| Interpretations | p. 74 |
| Exercises | p. 79 |
| The Phonemic Organization of Speech | p. 81 |
| Introduction | p. 81 |
| Phonetic variability | p. 81 |
| The phoneme | p. 90 |
| Allophones | p. 93 |
| Phonemic norms | p. 98 |
| Pattern and symmetry | p. 99 |
| Phonological reality | p. 103 |
| Units and boundaries | p. 105 |
| Invariance and overlap | p. 107 |
| Biuniqueness and neutralization | p. 109 |
| Morphophonemic alternations | p. 114 |
| Free variation | p. 116 |
| The sounds of the world's languages | p. 118 |
| Exercises | p. 124 |
| The Generative Approach to Phonology | p. 126 |
| Introduction | p. 126 |
| The origins of generative phonology | p. 126 |
| The sound pattern of English | p. 129 |
| Basic rule notation in generative phonology | p. 131 |
| Formalism and evaluation | p. 137 |
| Abbreviatory devices in rule notation | p. 139 |
| Rule order | p. 145 |
| Functional considerations | p. 148 |
| Naturalness and markedness | p. 152 |
| Abstractness | p. 154 |
| Exercises | p. 157 |
| The Anatomy and Physiology of Speech Production | p. 159 |
| Introduction | p. 159 |
| Conventions of anatomical description | p. 160 |
| The nervous system | p. 162 |
| The respiratory system | p. 168 |
| The larynx | p. 175 |
| Phonation | p. 184 |
| The pharynx | p. 190 |
| The velum and the nasal cavity | p. 191 |
| The oral cavity | p. 194 |
| The tongue | p. 195 |
| The lips | p. 198 |
| The mandible | p. 200 |
| Exercises | p. 202 |
| The Acoustics of Speech Production | p. 204 |
| Introduction | p. 204 |
| The nature of sound | p. 205 |
| The propagation of sound | p. 207 |
| Simple harmonie motion | p. 207 |
| Complex vibrations | p. 213 |
| Resonance | p. 216 |
| Basic amplitude properties of sound waves | p. 219 |
| Time domain properties of sound waves | p. 223 |
| Frequency domain properties of sound waves | p. 224 |
| Some basic perceptual properties of sound waves | p. 230 |
| The acoustic model of speech production | p. 233 |
| Phonation as a sound source | p. 234 |
| Sources of frication | p. 238 |
| The vocal tract filter in vowel production | p. 240 |
| Spectrographic analysis of speech | p. 249 |
| Acoustic properties of vowel quality | p. 261 |
| The vocal tract filter in consonant production | p. 272 |
| The acoustic properties of consonants in syllables | p. 278 |
| The relationship between articulatory and acoustic properties of speech production | p. 288 |
| Acoustic features of prosody | p. 292 |
| Exercises | p. 296 |
| Speech Perception | p. 297 |
| Introduction | p. 297 |
| The auditory system | p. 298 |
| Psychophysical properties of the auditory system | p. 301 |
| Speech intelligibility | p. 304 |
| Acoustic-phonetic perception | p. 308 |
| Vowel perception | p. 311 |
| Consonant perception | p. 313 |
| Units of perception | p. 314 |
| Prosodic perception | p. 318 |
| Word recognition | p. 320 |
| Models of speech perception | p. 321 |
| Conclusion | p. 324 |
| Exercises | p. 324 |
| Prosody | p. 326 |
| Introduction | p. 326 |
| The phonetic basis of suprasegmentals | p. 330 |
| The systemic organization of prosody | p. 337 |
| Tone languages | p. 342 |
| Pitch-accent languages | p. 347 |
| Stress in English | p. 349 |
| Stress assignment | p. 354 |
| Intonation in English | p. 359 |
| Tones and break indices | p. 364 |
| Exercises | p. 370 |
| Feature Systems | p. 372 |
| Introduction | p. 372 |
| Acoustic features | p. 373 |
| Articulatory features | p. 374 |
| Perceptual features | p. 375 |
| Distinctive features | p. 376 |
| Cover features | p. 377 |
| Abstract features | p. 379 |
| Accuracy and universality | p. 380 |
| Universal feature systems | p. 384 |
| Features and discreteness | p. 385 |
| Hierarchical organization of features | p. 386 |
| Feature geometry | p. 389 |
| Overview | p. 391 |
| Exercises | p. 391 |
| The Progress of Phonology | p. 393 |
| Introduction | p. 393 |
| Currents of theory | p. 394 |
| Phonetics and phonology before the twentieth century | p. 397 |
| The phoneme | p. 399 |
| The traditions of phonetics | p. 400 |
| Phonology in North America | p. 401 |
| The Prague School | p. 403 |
| Glossematics and stratificational phonology | p. 404 |
| Firthian prosodic phonology | p. 406 |
| Generative phonology | p. 408 |
| Natural generative phonology | p. 410 |
| Natural phonology | p. 411 |
| Autosegmental and CV phonology | p. 413 |
| Metrical phonology | p. 417 |
| Lexical phonology | p. 419 |
| Dependency phonology | p. 421 |
| Optimality theory | p. 423 |
| Prosodie phonology | p. 426 |
| Phonology in the laboratory | p. 428 |
| Conclusion | p. 431 |
| Exercises | p. 433 |
| Phonetic Symbols | p. 435 |
| Vowel symbols | p. 435 |
| Consonant symbols | p. 436 |
| Diacritics and conventions for complex articulations | p. 438 |
| Symbols used in transcription of English | p. 439 |
| Features | p. 442 |
| Jakobson and Halle's distinctive features | p. 442 |
| Chomsky and Halle's universal set of phonetic features | p. 443 |
| Ladefoged's 'Traditional Features' | p. 444 |
| Components in dependency phonology | p. 446 |
| References | p. 447 |
| Index | p. 474 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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