Land Mosaics : The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions,9780521479806

Land Mosaics : The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions

by
ISBN13: 9780521479806
ISBN10: 0521479800
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1995-11-24
Publisher(s): Ingram Pub Services
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Summary

Animals, water, wind, and people flow at different rates according to spatial patterns common to almost all landscapes and regions. This up-to-date synthesis explores the ecology of heterogeneous land areas, where natural processes and human activities interact to produce an ever changing mosaic. The subject has great relevance to contemporary society and this book reflects the breadth of this importance: there are many ideas and applications for planning, conservation, design, management, sustainability and policy. Spatial solutions are provided for society's land-use objectives. Students and professionals alike will be drawn by the attractive and informative illustrations, the conceptual synthesis, the wide international perspective, and the range of topics and research covered.

Table of Contents

Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xx
PART I. LANDSCAPES AND REGIONS
Foundations
Mosaics and the patch-corridor-matrix model
3(4)
Spatial scale
7(7)
Natural process and human activity
14(5)
Ecology of landscapes
19(3)
Ecology of regions
22(6)
Historical development of the field
28(1)
Research methods
29(7)
Conservation, planning, and other fields
36(2)
Appendix: Glossary of common terms
38(6)
PART II. PATCHES
Patch size and number
Patch dynamics: origin and persistence
44(1)
Size effect on ecosystems
45(9)
Size effect on biodiversity
54(12)
Genetics in a patch
66(2)
Minimum viable populations
68(4)
Number of large patches
72(3)
Appendix A. Ecosystem/community structure and function
75(3)
Appendix B. Population ecology
78(2)
Appendix C. Equations for species richness
80(2)
Boundaries and edges
Types and abruptness
82(5)
Edge development and controls
87(8)
Functions of boundaries
95(6)
Interactions between adjacent ecosystems
101(3)
Width and curvilinearity
104(5)
Moving boundaries
109(5)
Patch shape
Common and uncommon shapes
114(6)
Causes
120(4)
Shape attributes and ecological flows
124(9)
How to measure shape
133(5)
Moving patches
138(3)
Appendix: Equations for measuring patch shape
141(5)
PART III. CORRIDORS
Corridor attributes, roads, and powerlines
Internal and external structure
146(1)
Five corridor functions
147(6)
Width and connectivity
153(4)
Changing corridors
157(1)
Linear boundaries, corridors, and troughs
158(1)
Road corridors
159(13)
Trails and powerlines
172(4)
Appendix: Experience with wildlife underpasses and tunnels
176(2)
Windbreaks, hedgerows, and woodland corridors
Structural richness
178(2)
Windbreaks and wind
180(7)
Effects on microclimate, soil, snow, and plants
187(8)
Hedgerows as habitats
195(3)
Woodland corridors as wildlife conduits
198(9)
Appendix: Equations for wind and erosion
207(2)
Stream and river corridors
Corridor types
209(7)
Key processes
216(12)
Water quality and dissolved substances
228(4)
Fish and aquatic habitats
232(4)
Terrestrial animals and plants
236(7)
Corridor width and connectivity
243(9)
Appendix: Equations for water and erosion
252(2)
Networks and the matrix
Network development and structure
254(8)
Dendritic networks
262(3)
Rectilinear networks and wavy nets
265(4)
Functional roles of networks
269(3)
Networks in action
272(5)
Matrix structure
277(2)
Matrix dynamics
279(3)
Appendix: Network equations
282(4)
PART IV. MOSAICS AND FLOWS
Mosaic patterns
Ecosystems in a cluster
286(8)
Configuration usage and change
294(6)
Mosaics reflecting geology and culture
300(2)
The third dimension
302(4)
Types of landscape and region
306(4)
Habitat arrangements and strategic points
310(7)
Measuring mosaics
317(2)
Appendix: Equations for measuring a mosaic
319(4)
Wind and water flows in mosaics
A global framework
323(4)
Energy interconnecting mosaic elements
327(10)
Materials and the giant conveyor belt
337(8)
Flows in rough terrain
345(6)
Disturbances in mosaics
351(8)
Spatial pattern and disturbance spread
359(6)
Species movement in mosaics
Movement, mosaic, and model characteristics
365(7)
Metapopulation dynamics
372(11)
Gene flow
383(3)
Movement among non-adjacent elements
386(7)
Exotics and invaders
393(5)
Livestock
398(8)
PART V. CHANGING MOSAICS
Land transformation and fragmentation
Spatial processes in land transformation
406(6)
Habitat fragmentation
412(3)
Land change patterns
415(8)
Modeling mosaic sequences
423(3)
Toward an ecologically optimum land transformation
426(6)
Reforestation and other patterns
432(4)
Land planning and management
Aggregate-with-outliers principle
436(4)
Planning
440(9)
Principles in a generic plan
449(7)
Forest, dry area, and agriculture
456(3)
Planning a suburb
459(10)
Ecological design of house lots
469(5)
Management
474(7)
Creating sustainable environments
Concepts of sustainability
481(5)
Time and space
486(6)
Human dimensions
492(5)
Assays
497(5)
Adaptability and stability
502(4)
Learning from history
506(6)
Regional ecology revisited
512(2)
Making a landscape or region sustainable
514(11)
References and author index 525(80)
Index 605

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