Table of Cases |
|
xv | |
Table of Legislation |
|
xvii | |
1 Powers to Stop and Search: Part I |
|
1 | |
|
|
|
|
2 | |
|
1.2 Powers to Stop and Search (Section 1) |
|
|
2 | |
|
1.3 Search Safeguards (Section 2) |
|
|
5 | |
|
1.4 Search Records (Section 3) |
|
|
8 | |
|
1.5 Road Checks (Section 4) |
|
|
9 | |
|
1.6 Additional Powers of Stop and Search |
|
|
11 | |
|
|
|
1.7 Case Study 1 (Section 1) |
|
|
14 | |
|
1.8 Case Study 2 (Section 1) |
|
|
15 | |
2 Powers of Entry, Search, and Seizure: Part II |
|
17 | |
|
|
|
|
19 | |
|
2.2 The Two New Types of Warrants: 'Specific Premises Warrants' and 'All Premises Warrants' |
|
|
19 | |
|
2.3 Power of Magistrates to Issue Warrants to Enter and Search Premises (Section 8) |
|
|
20 | |
|
2.4 Items Subject to Legal Privilege (Section 10), Excluded Material (Section 11), and Special Procedure Material (Section 14) |
|
|
22 | |
|
2.5 Search Warrant and Other Orders Issued by Judge under the 'Special Procedure' (Section 9 and Schedule 1) |
|
|
27 | |
|
2.6 Search Warrant Safeguards (Section 15) |
|
|
32 | |
|
2.7 Execution of Search Warrants (Section 16) |
|
|
34 | |
|
2.8 Alternative Powers of Search and Seizure, Supplementary to PACE |
|
|
38 | |
|
2.9 Power of Entry for Specified Purposes, Including Arrest (Section 17) |
|
|
39 | |
|
2.10 Entry and Search after Arrest (Section 18) |
|
|
41 | |
|
2.11 General Power of Seizure (Section 19) |
|
|
43 | |
|
2.12 Extension of Powers of Seizure to Computerized Information (Section 20) |
|
|
45 | |
|
2.13 Rights to Access and Copies or Photographs of Seized Material (Section 21) |
|
|
46 | |
|
2.14 Access to Seized Material (Section 21(3), (8), and (9); Code B 7.17) |
|
|
46 | |
|
2.15 Photographs or Copies (Section 21(3) to (9)) |
|
|
47 | |
|
2.16 The Duration of Retention of Seized Items (Section 22) |
|
|
47 | |
|
|
|
2.17 Case Study 1 (Sections 18 and 19) |
|
|
48 | |
|
2.18 Case Study 2 (Sections 17, 18, and 19 [and Section 32]) |
|
|
49 | |
|
2.19 Case Study 3 (Search Warrants) |
|
|
50 | |
|
2.20 Decision-making Chart for Obtaining Material on Premises by Warrant etc |
|
|
52 | |
3 Arrest: Part III |
|
53 | |
|
|
|
|
54 | |
|
3.2 Arrest without Warrant by Constables (Section 24) and Other Persons (Section 24A) |
|
|
54 | |
|
3.3 Requirement for Offenders to Attend for Fingerprinting; and Arrest in Default (Section 27) |
|
|
59 | |
|
3.4 Information to be Given on Arrest (Section 28) |
|
|
60 | |
|
3.5 Powers and Procedures with Respect to Persons Arrested Elsewhere than at Police Station (Section 30) |
|
|
62 | |
|
3.6 The Bail of Persons Arrested Elsewhere than at Police Station ('Street Bail') (Sections 30A, 30B, and 30C) |
|
|
63 | |
|
3.7 The Arrest of Persons at Police Stations, Attending Voluntarily (Section 29) or by Arrest for Further Offence (Section 31) |
|
|
64 | |
|
3.8 Search of Persons and Search and Entry of Premises Upon Arrest at a Place Other than a Police Station (Section 32) |
|
|
66 | |
|
|
|
3.9 Case Study 1 (Section 24 (and Section 1)) |
|
|
68 | |
|
3.10 Case Study 2 (Section 24) |
|
|
69 | |
4 Detention: Part IV |
|
71 | |
|
|
|
|
72 | |
|
|
72 | |
|
4.3 The Custody Officer (Sections 36-40A) |
|
|
73 | |
|
|
82 | |
|
4.5 Limits on Detention (Section 41) |
|
|
84 | |
|
4.6 Extensions of Detention (Sections 42-44) |
|
|
85 | |
|
4.7 Detention after Charge (Section 46) |
|
|
88 | |
|
4.8 Bail and Arrest (Sections 46A and 47) |
|
|
88 | |
|
|
|
|
89 | |
5 Treatment: Part V |
|
93 | |
|
|
|
|
94 | |
|
|
94 | |
|
5.3 Searches (Section 54) |
|
|
99 | |
|
|
104 | |
|
|
104 | |
|
|
|
5.6 Case Study (Detainee's Rights) |
|
|
105 | |
6 Identification: Part V, Code D |
|
109 | |
|
|
|
|
110 | |
|
6.2 Searches to Ascertain Identity (Section 54A) |
|
|
110 | |
|
6.3 Fingerprints (Sections 61, 63A, and 64) |
|
|
111 | |
|
6.4 Impressions of Footwear (Sections 61A and 63A) |
|
|
113 | |
|
6.5 Samples (Sections 62, 63, 63A, and 65) |
|
|
113 | |
|
6.6 Destruction of Fingerprints, Footwear Impressions, and Samples (Section 64) |
|
|
116 | |
|
6.7 Photographs (Section 64A) |
|
|
117 | |
|
6.8 Identification by Witnesses (Code D) |
|
|
118 | |
|
|
|
6.9 Case Study 1 (fingerprints, searches, and examinations) |
|
|
126 | |
|
6.10 Case Study 2 (footwear impressions) |
|
|
127 | |
|
6.11 Case Study 3 (non-intimate samples) |
|
|
127 | |
|
6.12 Case Study 4 (fingerprints, use of force) |
|
|
128 | |
7 Interviews: Part V, Code E |
|
129 | |
|
|
|
|
130 | |
|
7.2 What is an Interview? |
|
|
130 | |
|
7.3 Interviews at the Police Station (Code C 12) |
|
|
131 | |
|
7.4 The Conduct of Interviews (Code C and Annex B and C) |
|
|
133 | |
|
7.5 Interview Records (Code C and E) |
|
|
139 | |
|
7.6 Written Statements under Caution (Code C, Annex D) |
|
|
142 | |
|
|
|
|
143 | |
8 The Detention and Treatment of Vulnerable Suspects |
|
145 | |
|
|
|
|
146 | |
|
|
146 | |
|
|
147 | |
|
8.4 Who can Act as an Appropriate Adult? |
|
|
149 | |
|
8.5 When is an Interpreter Required? |
|
|
151 | |
|
|
152 | |
|
|
152 | |
|
|
155 | |
|
|
157 | |
|
|
158 | |
|
|
159 | |
|
|
160 | |
|
|
160 | |
|
|
|
|
161 | |
9 Evidence: Part VIII |
|
163 | |
|
|
|
|
164 | |
|
9.2 Convictions and Acquittals |
|
|
164 | |
|
9.3 Confessions (Sections 76, 76A, and 77) |
|
|
165 | |
|
9.4 Exclusion of Unfair Evidence (Sections 78 and 82(3)) |
|
|
170 | |
|
9.5 Time for Taking an Accused's Evidence (Section 77) |
|
|
172 | |
|
9.6 Evidence from an Accused's Spouse or Civil Partner (Section 80) |
|
|
172 | |
|
9.7 Expert Evidence (Section 81) |
|
|
173 | |
APPENDICES |
|
|
1 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, as amended (PACE) |
|
|
175 | |
|
Contents of Appendices 2-9: Codes of Practice |
|
|
309 | |
|
2 Code A: PACE Code of Practice for the Exercise by Police Officers of Statutory Powers of Stop and Search; Police Officers and Police Staff of Requirements to Record Public Encounters |
|
|
319 | |
|
3 Code B: PACE Code of Practice for Searches of Premises by Police Officers and the Seizure of Property Found by Police Officers on Persons or Premises |
|
|
339 | |
|
4 Code C: PACE Code of Practice for the Detention, Treatment and Questioning of Persons by Police Officers |
|
|
357 | |
|
5 Code D: PACE Code of Practice for the Identification of Persons by Police Officers |
|
|
417 | |
|
6 Code E: PACE Code of Practice on Audio Recording Interviews with Suspects |
|
|
457 | |
|
7 Code F: PACE Code of Practice on Visual Recording with Sound of Interviews with Suspects |
|
|
465 | |
|
8 Code G: PACE Code of Practice for the Statutory Power of Arrest by Police Officers |
|
|
475 | |
|
9 Code H: PACE Code of Practice in connection with the Detention, Treatment and Questioning by Police Officers of Persons under Section 41 of, and Schedule 8 to, The Terrorism Act 2000 (Summary) |
|
|
481 | |
Index |
|
507 | |