| Preface |
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ix | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
| Chapter Coauthors |
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xiii | |
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Introduction to Medical Imaging |
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1 | (8) |
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Sketches of the Imaging Modalities |
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9 | (12) |
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X-Ray Imaging I: Overview of Film Radiography |
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21 | (24) |
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Appendix: The Role of Medical Physics in an Imaging Department |
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38 | (7) |
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II. SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL BASIS |
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45 | (11) |
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53 | (3) |
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Electric Fields and Accelerating Electrons |
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56 | (7) |
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Magnetic Fields and Electromagnetic Waves |
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63 | (10) |
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Appendix: Periodic Functions |
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69 | (4) |
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The Inviolate Rule of Energy Conservation |
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73 | (9) |
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82 | (11) |
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Matter: Gases and Liquids, Metals, Superconductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors |
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93 | (10) |
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Resistors, Transistors, and All That: An Introduction to Electronic Circuits |
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103 | (11) |
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Appendix: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions |
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110 | (4) |
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Scientific Foundations for the Various Modalities |
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Ultrasound Imaging I: Reflections of Acoustic Waves in Elastic Tissues |
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114 | (14) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging I: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Stable Hydrogen Nuclei in the Water Molecules of Tissues |
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128 | (11) |
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Gamma Ray Imaging I: Harnessing Radioactive Decay |
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139 | (13) |
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Appendix: Derivatives of Functions |
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148 | (4) |
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X-Ray Imaging II: Interaction of High-Energy Photons with Atomic Electrons |
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152 | (22) |
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171 | (3) |
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Radiation Dose I: The Detection and Quantification of Ionizing Radiation |
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174 | (16) |
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X-Ray Imaging III: Mapping Images on Film |
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190 | (7) |
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A Synthesis: Radioactive Decay, X-Ray Beam Attenuation, Nuclear Spin Relaxation, Cell Killing with Radiation, and Other Poisson Processes |
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197 | (7) |
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Analog and Digital Image Information |
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Image Quality: Contrast, Resolution, and Noise---Primary Determinants of the Diagnostic Utility of an Image |
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204 | (12) |
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212 | (4) |
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Measures of Image Quality and of Imaging System Capabilities: MTF, LSF, DQE, ETC |
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216 | (14) |
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The Psychophysics of Optical Images |
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230 | (12) |
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Vacuum Tube and Solid-State Optical Cameras and Displays |
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242 | (11) |
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Digital Representation of an Image |
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253 | (18) |
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Appendix: Computer Basics and a Bit about Bytes |
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266 | (5) |
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PACS, IMACS, and the Integrated Digital Department |
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271 | (8) |
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III. ANALOG RADIOGRAPHIC AND FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGING |
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X-Ray Imaging IV: Creation of an X-Ray Beam |
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The Nuts and Bolts of Generators |
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279 | (7) |
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286 | (11) |
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Transforming Electron Kinetic Energy into Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic X-Ray Energy |
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297 | (8) |
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X-Ray Imaging V: Capturing the X-Ray Image on Film |
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Creating the Primary X-Ray Image within the Body |
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305 | (6) |
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Scatter Radiation, Grids, Gaps, and Contrast |
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311 | (9) |
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Capturing the Primary X-Ray Image with Cassette and Film |
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320 | (13) |
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Resolution and Magnification |
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333 | (8) |
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Optimal Technique Factors |
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341 | (5) |
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Radiographic Quality Assurance |
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346 | (6) |
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352 | (14) |
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Some Infrequently Used Screen-Film Techniques |
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366 | (5) |
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X-Ray Imaging VI: Fluoroscopy |
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Following Time-Dependent Processes with Fluoroscopy |
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371 | (14) |
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X-Ray Imaging VII: Digital X-Ray Imaging |
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Digital Radiography, Computed Radiography, and Flat-Panel X-Ray Technology |
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385 | (7) |
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Digital Fluoroscopy and Digital Subtraction Angiography |
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392 | (7) |
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Computed Tomography I: Creating a Map of CT Numbers |
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399 | (9) |
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Computed Tomography II: Image Reconstruction, Image Quality, and Dose |
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408 | (8) |
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Computed Tomography III: Spiral and Multi-Slice Scanning |
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416 | (6) |
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Gamma Ray Imaging II: Radiopharmaceuticals |
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422 | (11) |
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Appendix: Radioactive Transformations |
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427 | (6) |
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Gamma Ray Imaging III: Image Production, Image Quality, and Dose |
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433 | (9) |
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Gamma Ray Imaging IV: Nuclear Cardiology, SPECT, and PET |
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442 | (8) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging II: The Classical View of NMR |
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450 | (10) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging III: Relaxation Times (T1 and T2), Pulse Sequences, and Contrast |
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460 | (11) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging IV: Image Reconstruction and Image Quality |
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471 | (12) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging V: Fast, Flow, and Functional Imaging |
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483 | (5) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging VI: Biological Effects and Safety |
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488 | (2) |
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Ultrasound Imaging II: Creating the Beam |
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490 | (6) |
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Ultrasound Imaging III: Image Production and Image Quality |
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496 | (12) |
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Ultrasound Imaging IV: Biological Effects and Safety |
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508 | (3) |
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Experimental and Future Imaging Technologies |
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Evolving and Experimental Technologies in Medical Imaging |
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511 | (14) |
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V. RADIATION DOSE, BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, RISK, AND RADIATION SAFETY |
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Ionizing Radiation Dose, Biological Effects, and Risk |
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Radiation Dose II: Determining Organ Doses from Exposure Measurements |
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525 | (6) |
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Radiation Dose III: The Tissue f-Factor, Tissue-Air Ratios, etc |
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531 | (7) |
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Radiation Dose IV: Radiobiological Processes and Radiogenic Health Effects |
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538 | (12) |
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Radiation Dose V: Probabilities of Occurrence of Stochastic Health Effects |
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550 | (10) |
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Appendix: On Talking with People about Radiation (and Other) Risks |
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558 | (2) |
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Radiation Oncology, and the Role of Imaging in Treatment Planning |
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560 | (10) |
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Radiation Safety and Emergency Response |
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Practical Radiation Safety for Ionizing Radiation |
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570 | (7) |
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Rems, Risks, and Regs: The Legal Basis for Radiation Protection Standards |
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577 | (10) |
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Response to a Major Radiological Emergency |
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587 | (16) |
| Solutions to the Exercises |
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603 | (14) |
| References |
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617 | (6) |
| Some Symbols and Units |
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623 | (2) |
| Index |
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625 | |
Other versions by this Author
