Preface |
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xiii | |
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Introduction to Anaerobic Bacteriology |
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1 | (22) |
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2 | (4) |
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3 | (1) |
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The Gastrointestinal Flora |
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3 | (3) |
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The Flora of the Female Genital Tract |
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6 | (1) |
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Optimal Anaerobic Bacteriology in the Face of Restricted Resources |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (15) |
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Incidence of Anaerobes in Infection |
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8 | (1) |
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Clues to Anaerobic Infection |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (14) |
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Specimen Collection and Anaerobic Culture Techniques |
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23 | (20) |
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23 | (8) |
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23 | (1) |
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Specimen Collection Methods |
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24 | (7) |
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31 | (3) |
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Anaerobic Culture Techniques |
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34 | (9) |
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34 | (2) |
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Anaerobic Incubation Methods |
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36 | (6) |
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Common Pitfalls in Specimen Collection and Culture Techniques |
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42 | (1) |
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Processing Clinical Specimens and Isolation Procedures |
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43 | (12) |
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Initial Processing Procedure |
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43 | (6) |
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43 | (3) |
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Specimen Preparationand Inoculation |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
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Examination of Cultures and Isolation of Anaerobes |
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49 | (6) |
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Examination of Primary Plates |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (4) |
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Common Pitfalls in Specimen Processing and Isolation Procedures |
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54 | (1) |
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Preliminary Identification Methods |
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55 | (20) |
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55 | (2) |
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Presumptive Identification |
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57 | (18) |
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Preliminary Examination of All Isolates |
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57 | (8) |
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Screening Tests for Selected Isolates |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (4) |
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70 | (3) |
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Commonly Encountered Errors in Identification |
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73 | (2) |
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Rapid, Cost-Efficient Identification Methods Using Preformed Enzyme Tests |
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75 | (6) |
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75 | (1) |
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Identification Using Preformed Enzyme Tests |
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75 | (6) |
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Common Pitfalls Associated with Preformed Enzyme Tests |
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79 | (2) |
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Advanced Identification Methods |
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81 | (52) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (52) |
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81 | (3) |
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Bacteroides fragilis Group |
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84 | (2) |
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Nonpigmented Prevotella and Other Gram-Negative Rods |
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86 | (6) |
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Pigmented Gram-Negative Rods |
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92 | (6) |
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98 | (5) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (8) |
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Gram-Positive Nonsporeforming Bacilli |
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114 | (16) |
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130 | (3) |
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Laboratory Tests for Diagnosis of Clostridium Difficile Enteric Disease |
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133 | (10) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (8) |
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Specimen Collection for All Procedures |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (3) |
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Cytotoxin Testing Using Commercial Systems |
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138 | (2) |
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Enzyme Immunoassay Tests for Enterotoxin and/or Cytotoxin and/or Cellular Antigen |
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140 | (3) |
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Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria |
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143 | (22) |
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Resistance Mechanisms in Anaerobic Bacteria |
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143 | (1) |
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Overview of Current Susceptibility Patterns |
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143 | (2) |
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Summary of Data Collected at the Wadsworth Anaerobe Laboratory |
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143 | (1) |
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Summary of Data From Other Laboratories |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (4) |
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Procedures for Testing Susceptibility |
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149 | (16) |
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Indications for Susceptibility Testing |
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149 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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Preparation of Antimicrobial Stock Solutions and Dilutions |
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153 | (1) |
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Addition of Growth Supplements to Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Media |
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153 | (1) |
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Quality Control Standards |
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154 | (1) |
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Reference Agar Dilution Test Procedure |
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155 | (5) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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Broth Macrodilution Tests |
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162 | (1) |
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Other Methods of Susceptibility Testing |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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Spiral Gradient Endpoint System |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
APPENDIX A SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND RESEARCH STUDIES |
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165 | (22) |
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Laboratory Handling of Oral Site Specimens to Avoid Normal Oral Flora |
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165 | (4) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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Supragingival Plaque Specimen Collection |
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166 | (1) |
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Subgingival Plaque Specimen Collection |
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167 | (1) |
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Periimplant Plaque Specimen Collection |
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167 | (1) |
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Processing Oral Specimens in the Laboratory |
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168 | (1) |
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Anaerobes in Bite Wound Infections |
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169 | (1) |
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Respiratory Tract Specimens Suitable for Anaerobic Culture |
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170 | (3) |
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170 | (2) |
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Processing the PBC Specimen |
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172 | (1) |
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Laboratory Processing of the PBC or BAL Specimen |
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172 | (1) |
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Collection of Endometrial Specimens Using the Pipelle Protected Suction Curette |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (4) |
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175 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Processing Vaginal Specimens |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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Quantitative Studies of Intestinal Flora: Collection and Transport |
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178 | (4) |
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178 | (1) |
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Other Specimens of Intestinal Contents |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (3) |
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Identification of Isolates |
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182 | (1) |
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Descriptions of Typical Colonies on Selective Media for Anaerobes |
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182 | (5) |
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Bacteroides Bile Esculin Agar (BBE) |
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183 | (1) |
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Blood and Liver (BL) and Bifidobacterium- Selective (BS) Agars |
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183 | (1) |
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Cadmium Sulfate Flouride Acriflavine Tellurite Agar (CFAT) |
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183 | (1) |
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Cefoxitin Cycloserine Egg Yolk (CCEY) |
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183 | (1) |
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Cycloserine Cefotoxin Fructose Agar (CCFA) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Fusobacterium-Selective Medium (JVN) and Fusobacterium neomycin vancomycin (NV) Agar |
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184 | (1) |
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Kanamycin Vancomycin Laked Blood (KVLB) Agar |
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184 | (1) |
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Lactobacillus-Selective Medium (LBS) |
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185 | (1) |
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MRS (de Man, Rogosa, Sharpe) Medium |
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185 | (1) |
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Rifampin (RIF) Blood Agar |
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185 | (1) |
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Veillonella Neomycin Agar |
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185 | (1) |
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Trypticase Soy Bacitracin Vancomycin (TSBV) Agar |
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185 | (2) |
APPENDIX B GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR METABOLIC ENDPRODUCT AND CELLULAR FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER ANALYSIS |
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187 | (4) |
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Short-Chain Fatty Acid Analysis |
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187 | (2) |
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Chromatographs, Columns, and Operating Conditions |
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187 | (1) |
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Preparation of Samples for Analysis |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Methyl Ester (Fame) Analysis |
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189 | (2) |
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189 | (2) |
APPENDIX C BIOCHEMICAL TEST PROCEDURES |
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191 | (16) |
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191 | (1) |
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Carbohydrate Fermentation |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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Conversion of Lactate to Propionate |
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193 | (1) |
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Conversion of Threonine to Propionate |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Indole Production (Tryptophanase) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Pras Biochemical Inoculation |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Special-Potency Disk Identification |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
APPENDIX D PREPARATION OF MEDIA AND REAGENTS |
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207 | (28) |
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Quality Control Procedures |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (26) |
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209 | (1) |
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Bacteroides Bile Esculin Agar (BBE) |
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210 | (1) |
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BL (Blood and Liver) Agar |
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210 | (1) |
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BS (Bifidobacterium-Selective) Agar |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Brucella Blood Agar for Susceptibility Testing |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Cadmium Flouride Acriflavine Tellurite Agar (CFAT) |
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213 | (1) |
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Cefotoxin Cycloserine Egg Yolk Agar (CCEY) |
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213 | (1) |
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Chocolate Bacitracin Agar |
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214 | (1) |
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Cycloserine Cefotoxin Fructose Agar (CCFA) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Ferric Ammonium Citrate (1%) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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Formate Fumarate Additive |
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217 | (1) |
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Fusobacterium-Selective (JVN) Agar |
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218 | (1) |
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Fusobacterium Neomycin Vancomycin (NV) Agar |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Kanamycin Soluton (100 mg/ml) |
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219 | (1) |
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Kanamycin Vancomycin Laked Blood Agar (KVLB) |
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220 | (1) |
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Lactobacillus-Selective Medium (LBS) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Methanobacterium Medium (Pras Roll Tubes) |
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222 | (1) |
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Man-Rogosa-Sharpe Medium (MRS) |
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223 | (1) |
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Neomycin Solution (100 mg/ml) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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Paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde |
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225 | (1) |
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Phenylethyl Alcohol Blood Agar (PEA) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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One-Quarter Strength Ringer's Solution with Metaphosphate |
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228 | (1) |
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Ringer's Dilution Solution |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Sodium Bicarbonate (20 mg/ml) |
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229 | (1) |
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Sodium Polyanethol Sulfonate (SPS) Disks |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Thioglycolate, Supplemented |
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230 | (1) |
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Tryptic Soy Serum Bacitracin Vancomycin (TSBV) Agar |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Vancomycin Stock Solution (7.5 mg/ml) |
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232 | (1) |
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Veillonella Neomycin Agar (VNA) |
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232 | (1) |
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Vitamin K1 Solution (1 mg/ml) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (2) |
APPENDIX E STOCKING AND SHIPPING CULTURES |
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235 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
APPENDIX F SOURCES OF SUPPLIES |
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237 | (4) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
References |
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241 | (26) |
Index |
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267 | |