Physical Chemistry for the Biomedical Sciences,9780748407095

Physical Chemistry for the Biomedical Sciences

by
ISBN13: 9780748407095
ISBN10: 074840709X
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1998-09-01
Publisher(s): CRC Pr I Llc
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Summary

This is an introductory text for students which will bring them up to speed ready for first-year university level physical chemistry. The text begins by looking at atoms and their structure, and goes on to study different phases of matter and relates them to forces acting between molecules. As the book progresses, it analyses both phase and chemical equilibria, energy and kinetics, and the final section is about reactive free radicals.

Table of Contents

Preface ix
1 The atom and the atomic nucleus
1(18)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 The structure of the atom
2(1)
1.3 The atomic nucleus
3(2)
1.4 Nuclides and chemistry
5(2)
1.5 Unstable nuclides and radioactivity
7(2)
1.6 The occurrence of unstable nuclides
9(1)
1.7 Atomic mass units and the mole
10(1)
1.8 The use of isotopes as labelled atoms
11(3)
1.9 The chemical combination of atoms
14(2)
Suggested reading
16(1)
Problems
17(2)
2 The extra-nuclear electrons
19(16)
2.1 The Bohr atom
19(2)
2.2 The new quantum theory
21(1)
2.3 The Schrodinger equation and the hydrogen atom
22(1)
2.4 The shapes of atomic orbitals
23(2)
2.5 Electronic states in polyelectronic atoms
25(4)
2.6 The emergence of the Periodic Table
29(1)
2.7 The Periodic Table and electronic configuration
30(1)
2.8 Ionisation behaviour of the individual atom
31(2)
Suggested reading
33(1)
Problems
33(2)
3 Chemical bonding
35(22)
3.1 The ionic `bond'
35(2)
3.2 The covalent bond: the molecular orbital approach
37(2)
3.3 The sigma bond in diatomic molecules
39(1)
3.4 The pi bond in diatomic molecules
40(3)
3.5 Sigma bonding using hybrid atomic orbitals
43(3)
3.6 The pi bond in polyatomic systems
46(3)
3.7 Delocalised molecular orbitals and aromatic systems
49(4)
3.8 Co-ordination complexes of transition metals
53(1)
Suggested reading
54(1)
Problems
54(3)
4 Introduction to chemical spectroscopy
57(18)
4.1 The electromagnetic spectrum
57(2)
4.2 Infrared spectroscopy: the theory
59(2)
4.3 Infrared spectroscopy: experimental and interpretation
61(2)
4.4 Ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy: experimental aspects
63(3)
4.5 The UV spectra of organic compounds
66(1)
4.6 The UV spectra of transition metals ions
67(2)
4.7 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
69(1)
4.8 NMR and structure determination
70(2)
4.9 Fine structure in NMR spectra
72(1)
Suggested reading
73(1)
Problems
73(2)
5 States of matter and intermolecular forces
75(18)
5.1 The gaseous state
75(2)
5.2 The kinetic theory of gases
77(2)
5.3 Deviations from the equation of state for gases
79(1)
5.4 Intermolecular (Van der Waals) forces
80(2)
5.5 The liquid state
82(1)
5.6 Viscosity and self-diffusion in liquids
82(2)
5.7 The solid state
84(2)
5.8 Phase diagrams and the coexistence of phases
86(1)
5.9 Hydrogen bonding
87(3)
5.10 Hydrogen bonding in solids and macromolecules
90(2)
Suggested reading
92(1)
Problems
92(1)
6 Energetics and equilibrium: the Laws of Thermodynamics
93(16)
6.1 Work and heat as forms of energy
93(2)
6.2 The First Law and the enthalpy
95(1)
6.3 Calorimetry
96(2)
6.4 Hess's Law
98(2)
6.5 The dependence of the standard enthalpy change on temperature
100(1)
6.6 Bond enthalpies
101(1)
6.7 The Second Law and the entropy
102(3)
6.8 The requirements for physicochemical equilibrium
105(2)
Suggested reading
107(1)
Problems
107(2)
7 Phase equilibria and solutions of non-electrolytes
109(24)
7.1 The Clapeyron equation
109(1)
7.2 The anomalous behaviour of water
110(1)
7.3 The Clausius-Clapeyron equation
111(4)
7.4 The miscibility of liquids
115(2)
7.5 Raoult's Law for binary liquid mixtures
117(3)
7.6 Fractional distillation of a liquid mixture
120(3)
7.7 The solubility of gases in liquids
123(2)
7.8 Colligative properties of solutions
125(2)
7.9 The osmotic pressure
127(2)
7.10 Solute partition between immiscible liquids
129(1)
Suggested reading
130(1)
Problems
130(3)
8 Chemical equilibrium
133(14)
8.1 Equilibrium between two solids
133(1)
8.2 Reactions between gases
134(2)
8.3 Reactions in solution
136(2)
8.4 The significance of the phase of the reacting species
138(1)
8.5 The effect of temperature on chemical equilibria
139(3)
8.6 Effects of pressure on chemical equilibrium in the gas phase
142(1)
8.7 The formation of metal complexes
143(1)
Suggested reading
144(1)
Problems
145(2)
9 Solutions of electrolytes
147(24)
9.1 Electrolytic dissociation
147(2)
9.2 The dissociation of water and the pH scale
149(1)
9.3 The dissociation of weak acids
150(2)
9.4 The neutralisation of a weak acid by a strong base
152(2)
9.5 Buffer Solutions
154(1)
9.6 Other weak electrolytes
155(3)
9.7 Acid-base indicators
158(2)
9.8 Acid-base equilibria in amino-acids
160(1)
9.9 Non-ideal solutions and the activity coefficient
161(2)
9.10 The solubility of salts
163(1)
9.11 Electrical conductance by electrolytic solutions
163(3)
9.12 Conductimetric titrations
166(2)
9.13 Colloidal solutions
168(2)
Suggested reading
170(1)
Problems
170(1)
10 Electrochemical cells, redox reactions and bioenergetics
171(14)
10.1 Galvanic cells
171(2)
10.2 The Nernst equation
173(1)
10.3 Half-cells and standard reduction potentials
174(2)
10.4 Analytical applications of cells
176(1)
10.5 Redox reactions
177(2)
10.6 Bioenergetics
179(1)
10.7 The Biochemical role of adenosine triphosphate
180(2)
Suggested reading
182(1)
Problems
182(3)
11 Chemical kinetics
185(18)
11.1 Monitoring the progress of a chemical reaction
185(2)
11.2 Reaction rate and reaction order
187(1)
11.3 Integrated rate equations: first order reactions
188(4)
11.4 Integrated rate equations: second order reactions
192(2)
11.5 Determining the reaction order and the rate constant
194(4)
11.6 The effect of temperature on reaction rates
198(2)
Suggested reading
200(1)
Problems
200(3)
12 Reaction mechanism and enzymic catalysis
203(20)
12.1 Reaction mechanism
203(3)
12.2 The kinetics of a reversible reaction
206(1)
12.3 Catalysis by an acid
207(2)
12.4 Catalysis by an enzyme
209(3)
12.5 Enzyme inhibition
212(4)
12.6 The influence of temperature on enzyme action
216(1)
12.7 Reactions of free radicals in vivo
217(2)
12.8 The role of antioxidants
219(2)
Suggested reading
221(1)
Problems
221(2)
Appendix One: Indices and logarithms 223(4)
Appendix Two: Introduction to calculus 227(6)
Appendix Three: Dimensions and units 233(4)
Glossary 237(6)
Answers to the problems 243(4)
Index 247

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