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Summary
The Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution that produces aromatic ketones that are used in the synthesis of a wide number of pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals including fragrances, flavors, dyes, and agrochemical products. Written by one of the world's leading authorities in this area of organic chemistry, this volume, the first on Friedel-Crafts in many years, focuses on how to make the reaction more economically and environmentally friendly through the use of green acylating agents, which minimizes the formation of waste. The advantages and disadvantages of homogeneous versus heterogeneous approach is discussed, as is the elusive Fries rearrangement.
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. ix |
| The authors | p. xi |
| Introduction and scope | p. 1 |
| References | p. 5 |
| Stoichiometric acylations | p. 9 |
| Acylation | p. 9 |
| Cycloacylation | p. 18 |
| References | p. 28 |
| Catalytic homogeneous acylations | p. 33 |
| Metal halides | p. 34 |
| Trifluoroacetic acid, triflic acid, and (metal) derivatives | p. 38 |
| Metals | p. 54 |
| Miscellaneous | p. 56 |
| References | p. 59 |
| Catalytic heterogeneous acylations | p. 65 |
| Zeolites | p. 65 |
| Clays | p. 103 |
| Metal oxides | p. 110 |
| Sulfated zirconia | p. 116 |
| Heteropoly acids (HPAs) | p. 126 |
| Nafion | p. 132 |
| Miscellaneous | p. 136 |
| References | p. 141 |
| Direct phenol acylation: The Fries rearrangement | p. 155 |
| Direct phenol acylation | p. 156 |
| Metal phenolates | p. 156 |
| Metal halides | p. 157 |
| Metal triflates | p. 160 |
| Zeolites | p. 160 |
| Clays | p. 165 |
| Graphite | p. 166 |
| The Fries rearrangement | p. 166 |
| Metal triflates | p. 168 |
| Metal halides | p. 169 |
| Metals | p. 171 |
| sec-Butyllithium | p. 174 |
| Zeolites | p. 176 |
| Heteropoly acids (HPAs) | p. 178 |
| Clays | p. 180 |
| Nafion | p. 180 |
| Photo-Fries rearrangement | p. 181 |
| References | p. 187 |
| Concluding remarks-future outlook | p. 193 |
| References | p. 195 |
| Index | p. 197 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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