Algae Energy
by Demirbas, Ayhan; Demirbas, M. FatihEdition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2010-07-30
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
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Summary
Algal oil can be an important source of biomass and algae’s ability to grow almost anywhere has encouraged scientists to also investigate its potential as a source of biodiesel. Algae Energy covers the production of algae culture and the usage of algal biomass conversion products. It also reviews modern biomass-based transportation fuels, including biodiesel, bio-oil, biomethane and biohydrogen. Each chapter opens with fundamental explanations suitable for those with a general interest in algae energy and goes on to provide in-depth scientific details for more expert readers. Algae energy is discussed within the wider context of green energy, with chapters covering topics such as: green energy facilities, algae technology, energy from algae and biodiesel from algae.Algae Energy addresses the needs of energy researchers, chemical engineers, fuel and environmental engineers, postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students, and others interested in a practical tool for pursuing their interest in bio-energy.
Table of Contents
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Energy Demand and Availability | p. 2 |
| Fossil Energy Sources | p. 3 |
| Renewable Energy Sources | p. 10 |
| Present Energy Situation | p. 12 |
| Energy Production and Future Energy Scenarios | p. 12 |
| Future Energy Scenarios | p. 13 |
| References | p. 26 |
| Green Energy Facilities | p. 29 |
| Introduction | p. 29 |
| Biomass Feedstocks | p. 30 |
| Green Energy | p. 31 |
| Importance of Biomass | p. 32 |
| Production of Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass | p. 36 |
| References | p. 46 |
| Biofuels | p. 49 |
| Introduction | p. 49 |
| Importance of Biofuels | p. 51 |
| Bioethanol | p. 54 |
| Biodiesel | p. 56 |
| Bio-oil | p. 59 |
| Biogas | p. 61 |
| Fischer-Tropsh Liquids from Biorenewable Feedstocks | p. 64 |
| Biohydrogen | p. 69 |
| Other Liquid Biofuels | p. 70 |
| Glycerol-based Fuel Oxygenates for Biodiesel and Diesel Fuel Blends | p. 70 |
| P-series Fuels | p. 71 |
| Dimethyl Ether | p. 71 |
| Other Bio-oxygenated Liquid Fuels | p. 72 |
| References | p. 72 |
| Algae Technology | p. 75 |
| Introduction | p. 75 |
| Definition of Algal Terms | p. 76 |
| Production Systems | p. 77 |
| Harvesting Microalgae | p. 79 |
| Photobioreactors | p. 80 |
| Open-pond Systems | p. 83 |
| Closed and Hybrid Systems | p. 87 |
| Production Costs | p. 89 |
| References | p. 93 |
| Energy from Algae | p. 97 |
| Introduction | p. 97 |
| Historical Perspective | p. 99 |
| Biofuels | p. 99 |
| Biodiesel | p. 102 |
| Bioalcohol | p. 104 |
| Costs, Prices, and Economic Impacts of Biofuels | p. 106 |
| Environmental Impacts of Biofuels | p. 110 |
| Combustion Efficiencies of Biofuels | p. 113 |
| Bio-oil | p. 117 |
| Biomethane | p. 119 |
| Production of Bio-oil and Hydrogen by Pyrolysis | p. 120 |
| Anaerobic Biohydrogen Production | p. 125 |
| Liquefaction of Algal Cells | p. 127 |
| Liquefaction of Algal Cells by Hexane Extraction | p. 129 |
| High-value-added Products from Algae | p. 131 |
| Small Molecules | p. 131 |
| Polymers | p. 132 |
| High-value Oils | p. 132 |
| References | p. 133 |
| Biodiesel from Algae | p. 139 |
| Introduction | p. 139 |
| Biodiesel from Algal Oil | p. 140 |
| Production of Biodiesel from Algal Oils | p. 144 |
| Potential of Microalgal Biodiesel | p. 147 |
| Acceptability of Microalgal Biodiesel | p. 150 |
| Economics of Biodiesel Production | p. 151 |
| Improving Economics of Microalgal Biodiesel | p. 153 |
| Advantages and Disadvantages of Biodiesel from Algal Oil | p. 153 |
| References | p. 154 |
| Biorefineries | p. 159 |
| Introduction | p. 159 |
| Definitions of Biorefinery | p. 162 |
| Main Technical and Nontechnical Gaps and Barriers to Biorefineries | p. 164 |
| Historical Perspective | p. 164 |
| Petroleum Refinery and Biorefinery | p. 168 |
| Refining of Upgraded Products | p. 174 |
| Opportunities for Refining Pyrolysis Products | p. 178 |
| References | p. 180 |
| Future Developments | p. 183 |
| Introduction | p. 183 |
| World Theoretical Limit of Biomass Supply | p. 184 |
| High-yield Energy Crops | p. 185 |
| Food Versus Fuel Delineation | p. 186 |
| Thermodynamic Efficiency (Exergy Analysis) | p. 187 |
| Biofuel Upgradation | p. 187 |
| Carbon Credits | p. 188 |
| Social and Political Issues | p. 189 |
| The Promise of Algae: Energy Security | p. 190 |
| Environmental Impacts of Biomass Production | p. 191 |
| References | p. 193 |
| Index | p. 195 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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