Applied Dental Materials

by McCabe, John F.; Walls, Angus W. G.

Edition: 9th

ISBN13: 9781405139618

ISBN10: 1405139617

Format: Paperback

Pub. Date: 2008-03-24

Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell

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Summary

This textbook covers all aspects of materials science relevant to the practice of dentistry. It is aimed primarily at undergraduate dental students, although it will also be useful for practising dentists, dental technicians and dental assistants. The 9th edition has been extensively revised to include the many advances in dental materials and their use that have occurred during the past nine years.

Author Biography

John McCabe is Professor of Dental Materials Science and Angus Walls is Professor of Restorative Dentistry, both at the School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, UK.

Preface	p. viii
Science of Dental Materials	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Selection of dental materials	p. 1
Evaluation of dental materials	p. 3
Properties used to Characterise Materials	p. 4
Introduction	p. 4
Mechanical properties	p. 6
Rheological properties	p. 18
Thermal properties	p. 21
Adhesion	p. 23
Miscellaneous physical properties	p. 26
Chemical properties	p. 27
Biological properties	p. 30
Suggested further reading	p. 31
Gypsum Products for Dental Casts	p. 32
Introduction	p. 32
Requirements of dental cast materials	p. 32
Composition	p. 33
Manipulation and setting characteristics	p. 33
Properties of the set material	p. 37
Applications	p. 38
Advantages and disadvantages	p. 38
Suggested further reading	p. 39
Waxes	p. 40
Introduction	p. 40
Requirements of waxpattern materials	p. 40
Composition of waxes	p. 40
Properties of dental waxes	p. 41
Applications	p. 42
Suggested further reading	p. 45
Investments and Refractory Dies	p. 46
Introduction	p. 46
Requirements of investments for alloy casting procedures	p. 46
Available materials	p. 47
Properties of investment materials	p. 49
Applications	p. 5
Suggested further reading	p. 52
Metals and Alloys	p. 53
Introduction	p. 53
Structure and properties of metals	p. 53
Structure and properties of alloys	p. 56
Cooling curves	p. 57
Phase diagrams	p. 57
Suggested further reading	p. 61
Gold and Alloys of Noble Metals	p. 62
Introduction	p. 62
Pure gold fillings (cohesive gold)	p. 62
Traditional casting gold alloys	p. 63
Hardening heat treatments (theoretical considerations)	p. 65
Heat treatments (practical considerations)	p. 67
Alloys with noble metal content of at least 25% but less than 75%	p. 68
Soldering and brazing materials for noble metals	p. 69
Noble alloys for metal-bonded ceramic restorations	p. 70
Biocompatibility	p. 70
Suggested further reading	p. 70
Base Metal Casting Alloys	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Composition	p. 71
Manipulation of base metal casting alloys	p. 72
Properties	p. 73
Comparison with casting gold alloys	p. 74
Biocompatibility	p. 76
Metals and alloys for implants	p. 77
Suggested further reading	p. 79
Casting	p. 80
Introduction	p. 80
Investment mould	p. 80
Casting machines	p. 81
Faults in castings	p. 81
Suggested further reading	p. 83
Steel and Wrought Alloys	p. 84
Introduction	p. 84
Steel	p. 84
Stainless steel	p. 85
Stainless steel denture bases	p. 86
Wires	p. 86
Suggested further reading	p. 88
Ceramics and Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM)	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Composition of traditional dental porcelain	p. 89
Compaction and firing	p. 90
Properties of porcelain	p. 91
Alumina inserts and aluminous porcelain	p. 92
Sintered alumina core ceramics	p. 93
Injection moulded and pressed ceramics	p. 94
Cast glass and polycrystalline ceramics	p. 94
CAD-CAM restorations	p. 95
Porcelain veneers	p. 97
Porcelain fused to metal (PFM)	p. 97
Capillary technology	p. 100
Bonded platinum foil	p. 100
Suggested further reading	p. 100
Synthetic Polymers	p. 101
Introduction	p. 101
Polymerisation	p. 101
Physical changes occurring during polymerisation	p. 105
Structure and properties	p. 107
Methods of fabricating polymers	p. 109
Suggested further reading	p. 109
Denture Base Polymers	p. 110
Introduction	p. 110
Requirements of denture base polymers	p. 110
Acrylic denture base materials	p. 112
Modified acrylic materials	p. 121
Alternative polymers	p. 123
Suggested further reading	p. 123
Denture Lining Materials	p. 124
Introduction	p. 124
Hard reline materials	p. 124
Tissue conditioners	p. 126
Temporary soft lining materials	p. 128
Permanent soft lining materials	p. 128
Self-administered relining materials	p. 132
Suggested further reading	p. 132
Artificial Teeth	p. 133
Introduction	p. 133
Requirements	p. 133
Available materials	p. 133
Properties	p. 133
Suggested further reading	p. 135
Impression Materials: Classification and Requirements	p. 136
Introduction	p. 136
Classification of impression materials	p. 136
Requirements	p. 137
Clinical considerations	p. 142
Suggested further reading	p. 146
Non-elastic Impression Materials	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
Impression plaster	p. 147
Impression compound	p. 148
Impression waxes	p. 151
Zinc oxide/eugenol impression pastes	p. 151
Elastic Impression Materials: Hydrocolloids	p. 154
Introduction	p. 154
Reversible hydrocolloids (agar)	p. 154
Irreversible hydrocolloids (alginates)	p. 158
Combined reversible/irreversible techniques	p. 161
Modified alginates	p. 161
Suggested further reading	p. 162
Elastic Impression Materials: Synthetic Elastomers	p. 163
Introduction	p. 163
Polysulphides	p. 163
Silicone rubbers (condensation curing)	p. 167
Silicone rubbers (addition curing)	p. 168
Polyethers	p. 172
Comparison of the properties of elastomers	p. 175
Suggested further reading	p. 177
Requirements of Direct Filling Materials and Historical Perspectives	p. 178
Introduction	p. 178
Appearance	p. 178
Rheological properties and setting characteristics	p. 178
Chemical properties	p. 179
Thermal properties	p. 179
Mechanical properties	p. 179
Adhesion	p. 179
Biological properties	p. 179
Historical	p. 180
Dental Amalgam	p. 181
Introduction	p. 181
Composition	p. 181
Setting reactions	p. 183
Properties	p. 184
Clinical handling notes for dental amalgam	p. 189
Manipulative variables	p. 191
Suggested further reading	p. 194
Resin-based Filling Materials	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
Acrylic resins	p. 195
Composite materials - introduction	p. 196
Classification and composition of composites	p. 197
Properties of composites	p. 202
Fibre reinforcement of composite structures	p. 213
Clinical handling notes for composities	p. 216
Applications of composites	p. 223
Suggested further reading	p. 224
Adhesive Restorative Materials: Bonding of Resin-based Materials	p. 225
Introduction	p. 225
Acid-etch systems for bonding to enamel	p. 225
Applications of the acid-etch technique	p. 227
Bonding to dentine - background	p. 229
Dentine conditioning - the smear layer	p. 233
Priming and bonding	p. 234
Current concepts in dentine bonding - the hybrid layer	p. 236
Classification of dentine bonding systems	p. 237
Bonding to alloys, amalgam and ceramics	p. 238
Bond strength and leakage measurements	p. 240
Polymerizable luting agents	p. 242
Suggested further reading	p. 244
Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials (Polyalkenoates)	p. 245
Introduction	p. 245
Composition	p. 245
Setting reaction	p. 247
Properties	p. 248
Cermets	p. 252
Applications and clinical handling notes	p. 252
Suggested further reading	p. 256
Resin-modified Glass Ionomers and Related Materials	p. 257
Introduction	p. 257
Composition and classification	p. 257
Setting characteristics	p. 260
Dimensional change and dimensional stability	p. 261
Mechanical properties	p. 262
Adhesive characteristics	p. 262
Fluoride release	p. 263
Clinical handling notes	p. 264
Suggested further reading	p. 264
Temporary Crown and Bridge Resins	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Requirements	p. 265
Available materials	p. 265
Properties	p. 266
Requirements of Dental Cements for Lining, Base and Luting Applications	p. 267
Introduction	p. 267
Requirements of cavity lining materials	p. 267
Requirements of luting materials	p. 270
Requirements of endodontic cements	p. 271
Requirements of orthodontic cements	p. 272
Suggested further reading	p. 272
Cements Based on Phosphoric Acid	p. 273
Introduction	p. 273
Zinc phosphate cements	p. 273
Silicophosphate cements	p. 277
Copper cements	p. 277
Suggested further reading	p. 277
Cements Based on Organometallic Chelate Compounds	p. 278
Introduction	p. 278
Zinc oxide/eugenol cements	p. 278
Ortho-ethoxybenzoic acid (EBA) cements	p. 280
Calcium hydroxide cements	p. 280
Suggested further reading	p. 283
Polycarboxylates, Glass Ionomers and Resin-modified Glass Ionomers for Luting and Lining	p. 284
Introduction	p. 284
Polycarboxylate cements	p. 284
Glass ionomer cements	p. 285
Resin-modified glass ionomers and compomers	p. 286
Suggested further reading	p. 288
Endodontic Materials	p. 289
Introduction	p. 289
Irrigants and lubricants	p. 289
Intra-canal medicaments	p. 290
Endodontic obturation materials	p. 291
Historical materials	p. 291
Contemporary materials	p. 292
Clinical handling	p. 294
Suggested further reading	p. 296
Appendix 1	p. 297
Index	p. 299
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