Preface |
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ix | |
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CHAPTER 1 Why Sensitometry? |
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1 | (8) |
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CHAPTER 2 Learning the Language |
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9 | (14) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (3) |
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Logarithms: Numerical Shorthand |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (3) |
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CHAPTER 3 How to Read and Interpret Characteristic Curves |
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23 | (18) |
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25 | (1) |
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The Anatomy of a Characteristic Curve |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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Curve Gradient Measurements: Gamma (Gamma) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Curve Gradient vs. Developing Time |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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How Development Affects Film Speed |
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31 | (2) |
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How Film Speeds Are Determined |
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33 | (1) |
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Effective Film Speed (EFS) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
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Standards for Calibrating Paper Curves |
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36 | (1) |
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The Useful Limits of the Paper Curve |
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36 | (1) |
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Review: The Tone Reproduction Cycle |
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37 | (4) |
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CHAPTER 4 From Theory to Practice |
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41 | (16) |
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Drawing Tools and Techniques |
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41 | (3) |
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Analyzing the Paper Curve |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (3) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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Determining the Subject Range |
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49 | (1) |
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Finding Effective Film Speeds |
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50 | (4) |
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Preparing the Working Charts |
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54 | (3) |
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CHAPTER 5 The Densitometer Dilemma |
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57 | (8) |
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57 | (1) |
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Adapting Your Spotmeter for Densitometry |
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58 | (2) |
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Setting Up the Spotmeter/Densitometer |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (4) |
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CHAPTER 6 Testing Your Materials |
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65 | (22) |
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Testing Paper: Preparation |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Contact-Printing Test Procedure |
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66 | (1) |
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Calculating the Test Exposure Time |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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Preparing the Step Tablet |
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68 | (1) |
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Projection Test Procedure |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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Determining the Film Test Exposure |
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72 | (1) |
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Developing the Test Films: Preparation |
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72 | (1) |
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Tray Development of Sheet Film |
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73 | (3) |
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Tube Development of Sheet Film |
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76 | (6) |
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82 | (5) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (3) |
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CHAPTER 7 Interpreting the Curves for Working Data |
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87 | (22) |
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Drawing and Analyzing Paper Curves |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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Troubleshooting the Film Test |
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90 | (2) |
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92 | (2) |
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Locating the Speed Points |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (2) |
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Review of Analysis Systems |
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97 | (1) |
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Review of Zones and Stops |
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98 | (1) |
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Extracting Zone System Data from the Curves |
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99 | (5) |
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Extracting Incident System Data from the Curves |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (4) |
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CHAPTER 8 Getting to Know Your Meter |
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109 | (12) |
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Meter Types: Luminance and Illuminance |
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109 | (1) |
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The Wide-Field Averaging Meter |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Relating Light Readings to Camera Settings |
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117 | (4) |
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CHAPTER 9 Exposure/Development Control Systems |
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121 | (26) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Metering and Zone Placement |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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Using the Working Charts: An Example |
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128 | (2) |
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An Alternative: The Incident Meter |
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130 | (1) |
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Determining the SBR with an Incident Meter |
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131 | (3) |
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Metering for the Incident System |
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134 | (2) |
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Appraising Results Without a Densitometer |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (2) |
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Incident Metering of Unusual Subjects |
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140 | (1) |
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Creative Incident Metering |
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141 | (6) |
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CHAPTER 10 Image Gradation |
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147 | (14) |
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CHAPTER 11 The Systems Beyond |
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161 | (8) |
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161 | (1) |
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Computer-Assisted Photography |
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162 | (2) |
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Computer Software: Plotter and Matcher |
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164 | (5) |
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169 | (19) |
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"Failure" of the Reciprocity Law |
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169 | (1) |
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Testing for Reciprocity Effects |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (1) |
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Compensating Your Film Curves for Flare |
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173 | (4) |
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Film Development Variations |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
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Altering Paper Contrast: Preexposure |
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179 | (1) |
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Paper Development Variations |
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180 | (4) |
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184 | (3) |
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187 | (1) |
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APPENDIX 1 Useful Equations |
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188 | (5) |
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188 | (1) |
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Lens Field Coverage Calculations |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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Depth-of-Field Calculations |
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191 | (2) |
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APPENDIX 2 Densitometer Design and Construction |
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193 | (6) |
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APPENDIX 3 Film Developing Tube |
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199 | (2) |
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APPENDIX 4 Practice Materials |
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201 | (5) |
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206 | (5) |
Glossary |
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211 | (4) |
Answers to Chapter 2 Exercises |
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215 | (1) |
Index |
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216 | |