A Brief History of the Romans,9780195187144

A Brief History of the Romans

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ISBN13: 9780195187144
ISBN10: 0195187148
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2006-01-12
Publisher(s): Oxford University Press
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Summary

How did a single village in Italy grow to become a world-class imperial power? This introduction, a new and shorter version of the authors' The Romans: From Village to Empire, is an inviting guide to the stages of Rome's remarkable political and military evolution over 1,500 years - through monarchy, republic, and then empire. With extensive illustrations, maps, and excerpts from writings by Romans themselves, this is a book that leaves its readers informed and eager tolearn more.

Table of Contents

Maps
xv
Figures
xvii
Preface xix
Notes to the Reader xxi
Early Italy
Italy and the Mediterranean World
1(3)
Italy Before the City
4(1)
The Iron Age in Etruria, Latium, and Campania
5(1)
Greeks and Phoenicians in the Central Mediterranean
6(1)
The Rise of Cities
6(6)
Beginning of Writing
7(1)
Appearance of an Elite
8(1)
Cities and Monumental Architecture
8(2)
Warfare in the Orientalizing and Archaic Periods
10(1)
Social and Economic Organization
11(1)
Etruscans and Greeks
12(3)
Rome's First Centuries
Emergence of an Urban Community
15(4)
The Romans and Their Early History
19(1)
Box 2.1 Romulus Founds Rome (Plutarch)
19(1)
Table 2.1 Dates of Rome's Kings According to Varro
20(1)
Rome Under the Kings
20(3)
Rome and the Latins
23(2)
The Early Republic
25(7)
Beginning of the Republic
25(3)
Rome and Its Neighbors in the Fifth Century
28(1)
Struggle of the Orders
28(4)
Rome and Italy in the Fourth Century
Fall of Veii and the Sack of Rome
32(1)
The City and Its Institutions in the Fourth Century
33(11)
Officials
34(3)
Senate
37(1)
Assemblies of Citizens
38(2)
Table 3.1 Roman Assemblies
40(1)
The City, Its Gods, and Its Priests
41(1)
Box 3.1 The Roman Games (Dionysius of Halicarnassus)
42(2)
Roman Dominance in Italy
44(5)
Warfare and the Civic Order
45(1)
Rome in Latium and Campania
46(3)
The Expansion of Roman Dominance
49(3)
War and the Roman State
52(2)
The Beginnings of a Mediterranean Empire
The Nobility and the City of Rome
54(5)
Box 4.1 Triumph of Scipio Africanus (Appian)
57(2)
Wars with Carthage
59(8)
First Punic War (264--241)
59(4)
Second Punic War (218--201)
63(3)
Box 4.2 Romans Vow a ``Sacred Spring'' (Livy)
66(1)
A Mediterranean Empire
67(11)
Governors, Provinces, and Empire
68(2)
Spain
70(2)
Greece and Asia Minor
72(4)
Box 4.3 Slave Trade on Delos (Strabo)
76(1)
North Africa
77(1)
Italy and Empire
Senators, Officials, and Citizen Assemblies
78(4)
Italy and the Consequences of Empire
82(8)
Changing Relations Between Rome, Its Municipia, and Allies
82(3)
Roman and Italian Elites
85(1)
Box 5.1 Scipio Africanus' Army Loots Carthago Nova (Polybius)
85(2)
Demographic and Economic Changes
87(3)
Roman Politics from the Mid-Second Century
90(9)
Scipio Aemilianus
90(2)
Tiberius Gracchus
92(3)
Gaius Gracchus
95(4)
Italy Threatened, Enfranchised, Divided
War with Jugurtha (112--105)
99(3)
Italy Threatened from the North (113--101)
102(1)
Changes in the Roman Army
103(1)
Marius' Career in Roman Politics
104(2)
Box 6.1 Marius' Bid for the Consulship (Sallust)
104(2)
Sixth Consulship of Marius and Second Tribunate of Saturninus (100)
106(1)
Administration of the Provinces
107(3)
Tribunate of Livius Drusus (91)
110(1)
Social War (91--87)
111(1)
Tribunate of Sulpicius Rufus (88)
112(2)
Sulla's First March on Rome (88)
114(1)
Cinna's Rule (87--84)
115(1)
Sulla's Second March on Rome (83--82)
116(3)
The Domination of Sulla and Its Legacy
Sulla's Proscriptions (82--81)
119(1)
Sulla the Dictator and His Program (82--81)
120(2)
Verdicts on Sulla's Program
122(2)
Box 7.1 Cicero's Defense of Sextus Roscius
123(1)
Lepidus' Rising and Its Aftermath (78--77)
124(1)
Challenge from Sertorius in Spain (80--73)
125(1)
Spartacus' Slave Revolt (73--71)
125(3)
Consulship of Crassus and Pompey (70)
128(1)
Roman Women
129(3)
Pompey Frees the Mediterranean of Pirates (67)
132(1)
Threat from King Mithridates VI of Pontus
132(2)
Sulla's Campaign Against Mithridates (87--85)
134(1)
Lucullus' Struggle with Mithridates (74--67)
134(1)
Pompey's Defeat of Mithridates (66--63)
135(2)
Roles of Crassus and Cicero in Rome (65--63)
137(2)
Catiline's Rising (63--62)
139(3)
End of the Republic: Caesar's Dictatorship
Pompey's Return from the East (62)
142(1)
Pompey and Political Stalemate in Rome
143(2)
Partnership of Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar
145(1)
Caesar's First Consulship (59)
146(1)
Clodius' Tribunate (58)
147(2)
Cicero's Recall and the Renewal of the Triumvirate (57--56)
149(3)
Caesar's Campaigns in Gaul (58--51)
152(1)
Death of Clodius and Pompey's sole Consulship (52)
153(1)
Prospect of Civil War (51--49)
154(1)
Causes and Consequences of Caesar Crossing the Rubicon (January 49)
155(2)
Civil War Campaigns (49--45)
157(3)
Caesar's Activity as Dictator (49--44)
160(2)
Caesar's Impact upon the City of Rome
162(3)
Political Prospects for Rome and for Caesar
165(2)
Augustus and the Transformation of the Roman World
Reactions to the Assassination of Caesar (44--43)
167(4)
Emergence of a Second Triumvirate (43)
171(1)
Battle of Philippi (42)
172(1)
Perusine War (41--40)
173(1)
Elimination of Sextus Pompey and Lepidus (39--36)
174(3)
Box 9.1 Laudatio Turiae
175(2)
Antony in the East (42 onwards)
177(1)
Clash Between Antony and Octavian (36--30)
178(2)
Octavian as Sole Ruler (30 onwards)
180(1)
``The Republic Restored''
181(2)
Second Settlement (23)
183(1)
Succession
184(3)
Table 9.1 The Julio-Claudian Family
185(2)
Senate and Equites
187(2)
Army
189(5)
Box 9.2 Oath of Loyalty
191(3)
The Empire and Its Expansion
194(1)
City of Rome
195(2)
Attitudes Outside Rome
197(1)
Augustus: Final Assessment
198(3)
The Early Principate (A.D. 14--69): The Julio-Claudians, the Civil War of 68--69, and Life in the Early Empire
The Julio-Claudian Emperors: Civil Government and Military Concerns
201(1)
Tiberius (14--37)
202(1)
Gaius (Caligula) (37--41)
203(2)
Claudius (41--54)
205(2)
Nero (54--68)
207(4)
Civil War in 68--69
211(2)
Economic and Social Change: Army
213(1)
``Beneficial Ideology''
214(1)
Cities and Provinces
214(2)
Diversity: Women, Local Languages, and Culture
216(2)
Religious Practices and Principles
218(2)
Imperial Cult
220(2)
Military Expansion and its Limits: the Empire and the Provinces (69--138)
Institutionalization of the Principate
222(1)
Vespasian (69--79)
223(2)
Titus (79--81)
225(1)
Domitian (81--96)
225(2)
A New, Better Era?
227(1)
Nerva (96--98)
227(1)
Trajan (98--117)
228(7)
Table 11.1 The Antonine Family
234(1)
Hadrian (117--138)
235(2)
Box 11.1 Hadrian Inspects Troops at Lambaesis, Numidia
237(1)
Roman Cities and the Empire's Peoples
237(2)
Theaters and Processions
239(2)
Circuses and Chariot Racing
241(1)
The Amphitheater and Gladiatorial Games
242(2)
Other Urban Amenities and Education
244(3)
Italy and the Provinces: Civil and Military Affairs (138--235)
Antoninus Pius (138--161)
247(1)
Box 12.1 A Greek Provincial Praises Roman Citizenship
248(1)
Marcus Aurelius (161--180) and Lucius Verus (161--169)
248(4)
Commodus (176--192, Sole Augustus after 180)
252(4)
Table 12.1 The Severan Family
255(1)
Septimius Severus (193--211)
256(4)
Caracalla (198--217, Sole Augustus after 211)
260(1)
Macrinus (217--218)
260(1)
Elagabalus (218--222)
261(1)
Severus Alexander (222--235)
261(1)
Roman Law
262(1)
Roman Citizenship
263(5)
Box 12.2 Grant of Roman Citizenship (Tabula Banasitana)
264(4)
Rome and Christianity
268(5)
Box 12.3 Pliny, Trajan, and Christians
269(4)
The Third and Fourth Centuries: Changes and Continuities
Mid-Third Century
273(4)
Aurelian (270--275), Diocletian, and the Tetrarchy (284--305)
277(3)
Administrative, Military, and Religious Reforms of the Tetrarchy
280(4)
Dissolution of the Tetrarchy (305--313) and the Rise of Constantine (306--324)
284(3)
Constantine and the Empire
287(4)
Cultural Aspects of the Fourth Century
291(3)
Political and Military Changes
294(5)
Timeline 299(4)
Glossary 303(10)
Art Credits 313(2)
Index 315(12)
Gazetteer 327

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