| Acknowledgements |
|
xi | |
| Preface |
|
xiii | |
| Abbreviations |
|
xxi | |
| 1 RIGHTS OF THE CHILD-AN OVERVIEW |
|
1 | (32) |
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
The Legal Definition of a Child |
|
|
2 | (4) |
|
|
|
6 | (4) |
|
Policies and Action Plans |
|
|
10 | (4) |
|
International Law on the Rights of the Child |
|
|
14 | (10) |
|
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
Government Programmes and Schemes |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
Interventions and Strategies by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
|
29 | (4) |
| 2 RIGHT TO FAMILY ENVIRONMENT: ADOPTION AND OTHER NON-INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES |
|
33 | (59) |
|
Adoption in History, Mythology, and Religion |
|
|
33 | (9) |
|
|
|
42 | (10) |
|
Critique of Laws and Practice Relating to Adoption |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
|
52 | (9) |
|
Important Judgments Relating to Adoption |
|
|
61 | (11) |
|
Recommendations for Law Reform |
|
|
72 | (2) |
|
Interventions and Initiatives for Providing Non-institutional Services |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
International Legal Policies and Practices |
|
|
75 | (7) |
|
A Comparative Study of International Law |
|
|
82 | (5) |
|
Towards a Common Secular Law on Adoption |
|
|
87 | (5) |
| 3 RIGHT TO PARENTAL CARE: CUSTODY AND GUARDIANSHIP |
|
92 | (56) |
|
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
|
|
94 | (19) |
|
Major Reported Judicial Decisions |
|
|
113 | (10) |
|
|
|
123 | (5) |
|
Law Reform in the Best Interest of the Child |
|
|
128 | (3) |
|
A Comparative Survey of International Laws |
|
|
131 | (10) |
|
Some Legal Developments and Trends of Comparative Law |
|
|
141 | (3) |
|
|
|
144 | (4) |
| 4 RIGHT AGAINST ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION CHILD LABOUR |
|
148 | (59) |
|
|
|
148 | (10) |
|
Laws to Prohibit and Regulate Child Labour in India |
|
|
158 | (10) |
|
The National Policy on Child Labour |
|
|
168 | (4) |
|
Laws Relating to Bonded Child Labour |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (5) |
|
Enforcement of the Child Labour and Bonded Child Labour Legislation |
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
Judicial Response to Child Labour-Important Case Laws |
|
|
180 | (3) |
|
Some Significant Court Rulings Related to Bonded Child Labour |
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
Non-governmental Organizations' (NGOs) Interventions |
|
|
185 | (7) |
|
Government Initiatives and Schemes |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
International Legal Interventions, Strategies, and Movements |
|
|
193 | (10) |
|
|
|
203 | (4) |
| 5 RIGHT TO PROTECTION AGAINST SEXUAL ABUSE AND EXPLOITAIION |
|
207 | (70) |
|
|
|
207 | (4) |
|
Part A: Child Sexual Abuse in India |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
|
|
211 | (5) |
|
|
|
216 | (4) |
|
|
|
220 | (7) |
|
|
|
227 | (5) |
|
|
|
232 | (9) |
|
International Legal Initiatives |
|
|
241 | (5) |
|
Role Played by NGOs and the Government in Child Sexual Abuse Cases |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
Part B: Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking of Children |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
|
|
247 | (5) |
|
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Indian Laws Dealing with Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Trafficking |
|
|
253 | (3) |
|
|
|
256 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
International Instruments |
|
|
265 | (5) |
|
International Initiatives to Prevent Child Pornography on the Internet |
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Government/NGO Interventions in the Area of Exploitation and Trafficking |
|
|
271 | (4) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Handling Child Sexual Abuse in Future |
|
|
275 | (2) |
| 6 JUVENILE JUSTICE: ADMINISTRATION AND IMPLEMENTATION |
|
277 | (50) |
|
|
|
277 | (5) |
|
The juvenile Justice Act 1986 |
|
|
282 | (5) |
|
Administration and Implementation of the Juvenile Justice Act 1986 |
|
|
287 | (8) |
|
Government Schemes and NGO Interventions in the Juvenile Justice System |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
|
296 | (3) |
|
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000 (J J Act 2000) |
|
|
299 | (7) |
|
Significant Changes Brought about by the Juvenile Justice Act 2000 |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
Critique of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000 |
|
|
307 | (2) |
|
Trends of Judicial Response to Juvenile Justice |
|
|
309 | (7) |
|
International Law and the Administration of Juvenile Justice |
|
|
316 | (7) |
|
Mission of Juvenile Courts for the Twenty-first Century |
|
|
323 | (4) |
| 7 RIGHT TO DEVELOPMENT |
|
327 | (47) |
|
Elementary Education The Right of Every Child |
|
|
327 | (7) |
|
Laws Relating to Child Education in India |
|
|
334 | (8) |
|
Educational Policy and Planning in India |
|
|
342 | (3) |
|
|
|
345 | (2) |
|
Government Schemes and Programmes in the Field of Elementary Education in India |
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
NGO Interventions in Elementary Education |
|
|
350 | (4) |
|
The Global Context of Basic Education |
|
|
354 | (10) |
|
Some International Initiatives |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Right to Play and Recreation |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
|
|
367 | (7) |
| 8 RIGHT TO SURVIVAL: HEALTH, NUTRITION, AND SHELTER |
|
374 | (63) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
International Human Rights Law |
|
|
375 | (3) |
|
International Campaigns on Health |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Law and Policy on Health in India |
|
|
379 | (4) |
|
Children's Health Scenario in India |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
Rights of Unborn Child and Rights during Early Childhood |
|
|
385 | (9) |
|
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971 (MTP Act 1971) |
|
|
394 | (2) |
|
Amendments to the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1971, and the Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
The Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Amendment Bill 2002 (PNDT 2002) |
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
Rights during Early Childhood |
|
|
399 | (8) |
|
Rights of the Child and Working Mothers |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Relevant Provisions of the Maternity Benefit Act 1961 |
|
|
408 | (4) |
|
Government Programmes and Schemes for Child Health and Development |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Special Health Issues Relating to Children |
|
|
415 | (4) |
|
|
|
419 | (8) |
|
Children as Victims of Drugs |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Children's Right to Shelter/Housing |
|
|
428 | (7) |
|
Towards Right to Survival for All |
|
|
435 | (2) |
| 9 MAKING CHILD RIGHTS A REALITY |
|
437 | (51) |
|
|
|
437 | (2) |
|
Initiatives by the Government of India |
|
|
439 | (10) |
|
Major Concerns and Obstacles in Realizing the Rights of the Child |
|
|
449 | (27) |
|
|
|
476 | (3) |
|
|
|
479 | (9) |
| Index |
|
488 | |
Other versions by this Author
