| Preface |
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xvii | |
| Part 1: The Sectional Conflict |
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The North and South Contrasted |
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The Rush of Life in New York City (1857) |
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3 | (1) |
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Aleksandr Borisovich Lakier |
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Anonymous, the Manufacturing City of Lowell (1847) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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Declaration of Sentiments of the American Anti-Slavery Convention (1833) |
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7 | (2) |
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The South's Lack of a Spirit of Progress (1861) |
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9 | (2) |
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We Are an Agricultural People (1861) |
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11 | (1) |
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Slavery Impedes the Progress and Prosperity of the South (1857) |
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12 | (2) |
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Why Non-Slaveholders Should Support Slavery (1861) |
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14 | (2) |
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Anonymous, A Traveler Describes the Lives of Non-Slaveholders in Georgia (1849) |
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16 | (2) |
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Slavery is the Cause of Civilization (1838) |
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18 | (3) |
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The New Orleans Slave Mart (1853) |
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21 | (2) |
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Frederick Douglass Fights a Slave-Breaker (1845) |
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23 | (4) |
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I Plead the Cause of White Freemen (1847) |
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27 | (1) |
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The South is at Your Mercy (1847) |
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28 | (1) |
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The Cords of Union Are Snapping One by One (1850) |
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29 | (2) |
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I Speak Today for the Preservation of the Union (1850) |
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31 | (2) |
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Appeal of the Independent Democrats (1854) |
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33 | (2) |
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New York Times, the Causes of the Know-Nothing Movement (1854) |
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35 | (2) |
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Mobile Register, the South Asks Only for Equal Rights in the Territories (1856) |
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37 | (1) |
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New York Evening, Are We Too Slaves? (1856) |
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38 | (2) |
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Richmond Enquirer, They Must Be Lashed into Submission (1856) |
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40 | (1) |
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Rules against Dred Scott (1857) |
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41 | (2) |
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Chief Justice Roger B. Taney |
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Dissents in the Dred Scott Case (1857) |
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43 | (3) |
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Associate Justice Benjamin R. Curtis |
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46 | (1) |
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The Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) |
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47 | (4) |
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The Freeport Doctrine (1858) |
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51 | (1) |
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Addresses the Court (1859) |
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52 | (1) |
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Richmond Enquirer, the Harpers Ferry Invasion Has Advanced the Cause of Disunion (1859) |
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53 | (1) |
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I Have Seen Nothing Like the Intensity of Feeling (1859) |
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54 | (3) |
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The South Must Strike while There is Yet Time (1860) |
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57 | (1) |
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Lincoln's Election Does Not Justify Secession (1860) |
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58 | (2) |
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South Carolina Justifies Secession (1860) |
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60 | (2) |
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I Hold That the Union is Perpetual (1861) |
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62 | (3) |
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The Outbreak of War Galvanizes New York City (1861) |
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65 | (2) |
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The Popular Mood in Charleston at the Start of the Civil War (1861) |
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67 | (4) |
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| Part 2: The Civil War |
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Slavery is the Cornerstone of the Confederacy (1861) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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This is a People's Contest (1861) |
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74 | (2) |
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The Resources of the Union and the Confederacy (1861) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Institutes a Blockade of the Confederacy (1861) |
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78 | (1) |
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Kentucky Declares Its Neutrality (1861) |
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79 | (1) |
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The Raccoon Roughs Go to War (1903) |
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80 | (1) |
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The London Times Foresees a Confederate Victory in the War (1861) |
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81 | (2) |
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The Military Struggle, 1861--1862 |
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83 | (1) |
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The Most Shameful Rout You Can Conceive Of (1861) |
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84 | (2) |
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I Have Become the Power in the Land (1861) |
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86 | (1) |
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The President is Nothing More Than a Well Meaning Baboon (1861) |
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87 | (1) |
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Explains His Ideas on Military Strategy (1862) |
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88 | (1) |
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An lowa Soldier ``Sees the Elephant'' at Shiloh (1862) |
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89 | (3) |
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I Gave Up All Idea of Saving the Union Except by Complete Conquest (1885) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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You Have Done Your Best to Sacrifice This Army (1862) |
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94 | (1) |
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The War Should Be Conducted upon the Highest Principles of Christian Civilization (1862) |
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95 | (2) |
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Adopts Harsher Policies against Southern Civilians (1862) |
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97 | (2) |
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Authorizes the Army to Seize Private Property in the Confederacy (1862) |
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99 | (1) |
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Proposes to Invade the North (1862) |
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100 | (1) |
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General Edward Alexander Criticizes Lee at Antietam (1899) |
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101 | (2) |
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The Most Dreadful Slaughter (1890) |
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103 | (2) |
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Harper's Weekly, Northern Despair after the Battle of Fredericksburg (1862) |
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105 | (2) |
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The Monitor Challenges the Merrimack (1862) |
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107 | (1) |
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The United States Navy Blockades the Confederacy (1898) |
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108 | (3) |
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Aboard a Blockade-Runner (1896) |
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111 | (4) |
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Union Politics, 1861-1862 |
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Encounters the Contrabands (1892) |
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115 | (2) |
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The Crittenden Resolution Defines Union War Aims (1861) |
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117 | (1) |
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Cast Off the Mill-Stone (1861) |
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117 | (2) |
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To Lose Kentucky is to Lose the Whole Game (1861) |
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119 | (2) |
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A Democratic Congressman Attacks Emancipation (1862) |
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121 | (3) |
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Supports for Emancipation is Increasing (1862) |
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124 | (1) |
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I Would Save the Union (1862) |
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125 | (1) |
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Harper's Weekly Gauges the Northern Response to Emancipation (1862) |
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126 | (1) |
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New York Times, the 1862 Elections Are a Repudiation of the Administration's Conduct of the War (1862) |
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127 | (2) |
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Replies to a Republican Critic after the 1862 Elections (1862) |
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129 | (2) |
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Confederate Politics, 1861-1863 |
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Governor Joseph Brown Obstructs Conscription in Georgia (1862) |
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131 | (1) |
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The Twenty Negro Law (1862) |
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132 | (1) |
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A Georgia Soldier Condemns the Exemption of Slaveholders (1862) |
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133 | (2) |
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An Atlanta Paper Defends the Exemption of Slaveholders (1862) |
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135 | (1) |
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Defends His Policies (1862) |
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136 | (2) |
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Richmond Examiner, A Richmond Paper Calls for a Tax-in-Kind (1863) |
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138 | (2) |
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A Richmond Editor Denounces Davis's Leadership (1869) |
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140 | (3) |
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Anonymous, Southerners' Faith in King Cotton Diplomacy (1861) |
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143 | (1) |
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The Trent Affair Has Almost Wrecked Us (1862) |
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144 | (1) |
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Complains of Europe's Refusal to Recognize the Confederacy (1863) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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The Military Struggle, 1863 |
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Counsels General Joseph Hooker (1863) |
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147 | (1) |
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The Character of the War Has Very Much Changed (1863) |
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148 | (1) |
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Proposes to Take the Offensive (1863) |
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149 | (2) |
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A Pennsylvania Woman Encounters Lee's Army (1863) |
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151 | (3) |
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A Virginia Soldier Survives Pickett's Charge (1863) |
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154 | (2) |
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A Connecticut Soldier Helps Repel Pickett's Charge (1863) |
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156 | (3) |
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Anonymous, Daily Life during the Siege of Vicksburg (1863) |
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159 | (3) |
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The Conduct of the Negroes Was beyond All Expression (1863) |
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162 | (1) |
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The Confederacy Totters to Its Destruction (1863) |
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163 | (2) |
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The Emancipation Proclamation (1863) |
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165 | (1) |
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Northern Newspapers Debate the Significance of the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) |
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166 | (2) |
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Harper's Weekly, the Work Done by Congress (1863) |
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168 | (2) |
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One of the Worst Despotisms on Earth (1863) |
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170 | (2) |
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I Think I Shall Be Blamed for Having Made Too Few Arrests (1863) |
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172 | (3) |
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The Heaviest Blow Yet Dealt to the Rebellion (1863) |
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175 | (2) |
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A New Birth of Freedom (1863) |
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177 | (2) |
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Conscription in the Union (1866) |
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179 | (1) |
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The New York Press Debates the Causes of the Draft Riots (1863) |
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180 | (3) |
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Jefferson Davis Rules New York Today (1863) |
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183 | (2) |
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This Country Also Belongs to Us (1863) |
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185 | (2) |
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Anonymous, A Rioter Condemns the $300 Commutation Fee (1863) |
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187 | (1) |
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The New York Evening Post Defends the $300 Commutation Fee (1863) |
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187 | (2) |
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A Union Nurse at Gettysburg (1863) |
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189 | (1) |
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Harper's Monthly, the Fortunes of War (1864) |
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190 | (4) |
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Fincher's Trade Review, Working Women Protest Their Low Wages (1865) |
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194 | (1) |
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Harper's Monthly, Wall Street in Wartime (1865) |
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195 | (2) |
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The Confederate Home Front |
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Slavery is a Tower of Strength to the South (1861) |
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197 | (1) |
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Slave Owners Ought to Bear the Principal Burden of the War (1863) |
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198 | (1) |
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``Agnes,'' A Resident Observes the Richmond Bread Riot (1863) |
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199 | (2) |
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This is War, Terrible War (1862-1864) |
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201 | (3) |
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Phoebe Yates Pember Becomes a Hospital Matron (1879) |
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204 | (1) |
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Southern Women Enter the Government Bureaucracy (1867) |
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205 | (1) |
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A Confederate General Reports on Widespread Resistance to Conscription (1863) |
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206 | (2) |
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The War Corrodes Female Virtue (1863) |
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208 | (1) |
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A Union Officer Marvels at the Endurance of the Southern People (1864) |
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209 | (1) |
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Until Adversity Tries Us (1861-1865) |
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210 | (4) |
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Is Anything Worth It? (1862-1865) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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The Revulsion Was Sickening (1865) |
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217 | (2) |
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An Escaped Slave Writes His Wife from a Union Camp (1862) |
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219 | (1) |
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Frederick Douglass Urges Black Men to Enlist (1863) |
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220 | (2) |
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A Mother Calls on the Government to Protect Black Soldiers (1863) |
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222 | (1) |
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A Union General Describes Slaves Entering the Union Lines (1863) |
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223 | (1) |
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The Negroes Are Worse Than Free (1863) |
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224 | (1) |
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A Black Soldier Explains His Motives for Fighting (1863) |
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225 | (1) |
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New York Times, A Prodigious Revolution (1864) |
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226 | (1) |
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Anonymous A Black Soldier Protests Unequal Pay (1864) |
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227 | (2) |
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A Black Soldier Writes His Daughter's Owner (1864) |
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229 | (1) |
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The Hardship of Black Soldiers' Families (1864) |
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230 | (1) |
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Mittie Freeman Meets a Yankee (1937) |
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231 | (1) |
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Former Slaves Recall the End of Slavery (1937) |
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232 | (2) |
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The Slave Eliza Acquires a New Name (1937) |
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234 | (1) |
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The Comforts of a Soldier's Life (1929) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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A South Carolina Soldier Confronts His Captain (1862) |
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237 | (1) |
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Trading with the Enemy (1863) |
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238 | (1) |
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Fraternization among Soldiers of the Two Armies (1864) |
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239 | (1) |
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Religious Revivals in the Confederate Army (1864) |
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240 | (1) |
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Antiblack Prejudice in the Union Ranks (1897) |
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241 | (1) |
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A Union Soldier's Changing Views on Emancipation (1863-1865) |
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242 | (4) |
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A Louisiana Soldier Links Slavery and Race to the Cause of the Confederacy (1862-1864) |
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246 | (1) |
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A Wounded Soldier Describes a Field Hospital (1863) |
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247 | (1) |
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The Scourge of War (1862) |
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247 | (2) |
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The Military Struggle, 1864 |
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Devises a New Union Strategy (1885) |
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249 | (2) |
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A Union Officer Depicts the Fury of the Fighting at Spotsylvania (1897) |
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251 | (1) |
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Our Numbers Are Daily Decreasing (1864) |
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252 | (1) |
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A Confederate Soldier Describes the Pressure of Fighting in the Trenches (1903) |
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253 | (1) |
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War is Cruelty, and You Cannot Refine It (1864) |
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253 | (2) |
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Proposes to March to the Sea (1864) |
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255 | (1) |
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An Illinois Soldier Marches with Sherman to the Sea and Beyond (1864-1865) |
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256 | (2) |
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The Heavens Were Lit with Flames (1864) |
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258 | (3) |
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The New York Times is Amazed by the Change in Public Opinion on Slavery (1864) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (3) |
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Events Have Controlled Me (1864) |
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265 | (1) |
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Our Bleeding Country Longs for Peace (1864) |
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266 | (1) |
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Outlines His Terms for Peace (1864) |
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267 | (1) |
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The Tide is Setting Strongly against Us (1864) |
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268 | (2) |
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Illinois State Register, A Negotiated Peace with the Confederacy is Possible (1864) |
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270 | (1) |
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New York Tribune, An Armistice Would Lead to a Southern Victory (1864) |
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271 | (2) |
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The Republican and Democratic Parties' Final Appeal to the Voters (1864) |
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273 | (2) |
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A Democratic Soldier Votes for Lincoln (1891) |
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275 | (1) |
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The Election Was a Necessity (1864) |
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276 | (1) |
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Chicago Tribune, Lincoln's Election is a Mandate to Abolish Slavery (1864) |
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277 | (1) |
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Hails the Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment (1865) |
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278 | (3) |
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Confederate Politics, 1864-1865 |
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Notes the Achievements of the Confederate Ordnance Bureau (1864) |
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281 | (1) |
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Once Lost, Liberty is Lost Forever (1864) |
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282 | (3) |
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Richmond Examiner, We Are Fighting for Independence, Not Slavery (1864) |
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285 | (1) |
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Richmond Examiner, We Prefer the Law (1864) |
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286 | (1) |
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We Want No Confederacy without Slavery (1865) |
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287 | (1) |
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Richmond Enquirer, Slavery and the Cause of the Confederacy (1865) |
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288 | (2) |
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Opposition and Disloyalty Are Increasing Daily (1865) |
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290 | (3) |
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A Bleak Confederate Christmas (1864) |
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293 | (1) |
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Reflects on the Situation of the Confederacy (1865) |
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294 | (3) |
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Southerners Have Lost the Will to Resist (1865) |
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297 | (1) |
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Desertion Now is Not Dishonorable (1865) |
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298 | (1) |
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With Malice toward None (1865) |
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299 | (1) |
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Bitter Tears Came in a Torrent (1865) |
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300 | (2) |
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Richmond's Black Residents Welcome Abraham Lincoln (1897) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (2) |
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Describes Lincoln's Death (1865) |
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305 | (2) |
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Fires the Last Shot of the Civil War (1865) |
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307 | (1) |
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A Confederate Soldier Reflects on the War's Cost and Significance (1865) |
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308 | (1) |
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A Confederate Nurse Discusses the Internal Causes of the Confederacy's Defeat (1865) |
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309 | (2) |
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A Confederate Official Analyzes the Causes of the Defeat of the Confederacy (1957) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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We Have Lived a Century of Common Life (1865) |
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313 | (1) |
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New York Times, the War Touches Everything (1867) |
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314 | (3) |
| Part 3: Reconstruction |
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Presidential Reconstruction |
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Vetoes the Wade-Davis Bill (1864) |
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317 | (1) |
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The Wade-Davis Manifesto (1864) |
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318 | (1) |
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We Shall Have the Fowl Sooner by Hatching Than Smashing the Egg (1865) |
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319 | (2) |
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Affirms the Loyalty of Southern Whites (1865) |
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321 | (2) |
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Questions Southern Whites' Loyalty (1865) |
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323 | (2) |
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The Mississippi Black Codes (1865) |
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325 | (3) |
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The Radicals Will Be Completely Foiled (1865) |
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328 | (1) |
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Petition for Suffrage (1865) |
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329 | (1) |
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Reports on the Success of His Program of Reconstruction (1865) |
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330 | (3) |
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Johnson's Clash with Congress |
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Designates the Southern States as Conquered Provinces (1865) |
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333 | (2) |
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Says Black Suffrage Will Lead to Race War in the South (1866) |
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335 | (1) |
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The Joint Committee Reports on the Status of the Former States of the Confederacy (1866) |
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336 | (3) |
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Vetoes the Civil Rights Bill (1866) |
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339 | (3) |
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The Chicago Tribune Blames Johnson for the New Orleans Riot (1866) |
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342 | (2) |
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Waves the Bloody Shirt (1866) |
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344 | (2) |
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I Am Fighting Traitors in the North (1866) |
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346 | (2) |
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New York Times, the People's Verdict (1866) |
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348 | (3) |
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Congressional Reconstruction |
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Thaddeus Stevens's Land Confiscation Bill (1867) |
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351 | (1) |
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Accuses Congress of Seeking to Africanize the South (1867) |
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352 | (3) |
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The Articles of Impeachment (1868) |
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355 | (2) |
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Defends Johnson in the Impeachment Trial (1868) |
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357 | (3) |
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Appeals for Universal Suffrage (1869) |
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360 | (2) |
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A Black Congressman Complains about Unequal Treatment (1874) |
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362 | (2) |
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Equal Rights and Social Equality (1874) |
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364 | (3) |
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Political Reconstruction in the South |
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Voice Their Aspirations for Equality (1867) |
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367 | (2) |
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South Carolina Democrats Protest against the New State Constitution (1868) |
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369 | (2) |
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An African American Leader Instructs New Black Voters (1867) |
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371 | (1) |
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Who is Responsible for Corruption? (1870) |
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372 | (2) |
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A Defense of Carpetbaggers (1875) |
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374 | (3) |
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Economic and Social Reconstruction |
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Former Slaves Are Anxious to Record Their Marriages (1865) |
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377 | (1) |
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Southern Whites Have No Faith in Black Free Labor (1866) |
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378 | (1) |
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Freedpeople Complain about Their Former Owners' Attempts to Cheat Them (1865) |
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379 | (1) |
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A Freedman Writes his Former Master (1865) |
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380 | (2) |
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The Tribulations of a Freedmen's Bureau Agent (1868) |
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382 | (2) |
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New Orleans Tribune, They Are the Planter's Guards (1867) |
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384 | (1) |
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The Contested Meaning of Freedom (1880) |
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385 | (2) |
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Planters Insist That Black Women Work in the Fields (1880) |
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387 | (1) |
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Two Black Workers Settle Accounts at the End of the Year (1867) |
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388 | (1) |
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New Orleans Tribune, A Black Newspaper Calls for Integrated Schools in New Orleans (1867) |
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389 | (2) |
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A Sharecropping Contract (1886) |
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391 | (2) |
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Opposition and Northern Disillusionment |
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Signals a Retreat from Reconstruction (1874) |
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393 | (2) |
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Society Turned Bottom-Side Up (1874) |
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395 | (2) |
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The Nation, This is Socialism (1874) |
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397 | (3) |
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South Carolina Black Leaders Defend the State Government's Fiscal Record (1874) |
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400 | (3) |
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Vetoes the Currency Act (1874) |
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403 | (2) |
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The Blaine Amendment (1875) |
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405 | (1) |
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The Public is Tired of These Outbreaks in the South (1875) |
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406 | (2) |
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The Mississippi Plan in Action (1876) |
|
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408 | (1) |
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The Assassination of an African American Political Leader (1876) |
|
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409 | (2) |
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A Southern White Leader Abandons the Republican Party (1913) |
|
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411 | (2) |
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|
The End of Reconstruction |
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|
|
Outlines His Southern Policy (1877) |
|
|
413 | (1) |
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|
Surrenders the Southern Carolina Governorship (1877) |
|
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414 | (2) |
|
Governor Daniel Chamberlain |
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|
Assesses the Mistakes of Reconstruction (1880) |
|
|
416 | (3) |
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| Appendix |
|
|
1. United States Constitution |
|
|
419 | (10) |
|
2. Confederate Constitution |
|
|
429 | (10) |
| Permissions Acknowledgments |
|
439 | |
Other versions by this Author
