
Cognitive Interviewing : A Tool for Improving Questionnaire Design
by Gordon B. Willis-
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Summary
Table of Contents
Orientation and Background | |
Introduction to Cognitive Interviewing | |
What is (and isn't) cognitive interviewing? | |
A broader perspective: The cognitive testing process | |
Setting the Stage: First Principles of Questionnaire Design | |
Questionnaire-related (and other) sources of error in self-report surveys | |
Why do survey questions produce response error? A sociolinguistic perspective | |
How can we avoid problems in survey questions? | |
If we are proficient designers, why do we need to test questions? | |
Chapter summary | |
Exercise: Question evaluation | |
The CASM Approach to Questionnaire Design | |
Origins of CASM | |
Applications of Basic CASM Research | |
Cognitive interviewing as Applied CASM Research | |
Chapter summary | |
Cognitive Interviewing in Practice: Think-Aloud, Verbal Probing, and Other Techniques | |
Think-Aloud interviewing | |
Verbal Probing Techniques | |
Concurrent versus retrospective interviewing | |
Choosing between think-aloud and probing techniques | |
Vignettes, card sorts, and field-based probes | |
Chapter summary | |
The Intricacies of Verbal Probing | |
Developing Standard Cognitive Probes | |
Examples of cognitive probing | |
Logical and structural problems | |
A systematic approach to probe development: The Question Pitfalls Model | |
Chapter summary | |
Exercise: Using the QAS to develop probe questions | |
Beyond the Standard Model of Verbal Probing | |
A classification of probe types | |
Proactive versus Reactive probing | |
Standardized versus free-form probes | |
Chapter summary | |
Exercise: Emergent probing | |
A Further Perspective: Probing as Expansive Interviewing | |
A broad view of cognitive interviewing | |
The Ethnographic Interview as an alternative perspective | |
Merging Cognitive and Expansive interviewing | |
Chapter summary | |
Avoiding Probing Pitfalls | |
Are we in danger of finding problems that don't exist? | |
Practices that avoid artificial problems | |
Chapter summary | |
The Cognitive Testing Process | |
Training of Cognitive Interviewers | |
Who makes a good cognitive interviewer? | |
Technical background of the cognitive interviewer | |
How should cognitive interviewer training be accomplished? | |
Continuing education in cognitive interviewing | |
Chapter summary | |
Planning and Conducting Cognitive Interviews | |
Fitting cognitive testing into the overall design sequence | |
Preparing for the interview: Subject recruitment | |
The interviewing process | |
Logistic issues in the cognitive interview | |
Chapter summary | |
Analyzing and Documenting Cognitive Interview Results | |
Characterizing cognitive interview outcomes | |
The analysis of think-aloud interview results | |
Analysis of the probed interview | |
Persistent analysis issues | |
Chapter summary | |
Exercise: Analyzing cognitive interviews | |
Other Issues and Topics | |
Special Applications of Cognitive Interviewing | |
Adjusting to survey administration mode | |
Cognitive testing of sensitive questions | |
Cognitive interviewing and establishment surveys | |
Testing questions on attitudes and opinions | |
Interviewing across the age range | |
Testing non-questionnaire materials | |
Chapter summary | |
Evaluation of Cognitive Interviewing Techniques | |
Theoretical perspectives | |
Empirical evaluation of cognitive interviewing | |
Are we evaluating the right outcome? | |
Limitations to cognitive interviews | |
Chapter summary | |
Beyond Cognitive Testing: Affiliated Pretesting Methods | |
Expert Review | |
Focus Groups | |
Behavior Coding | |
Reinterview surveys | |
How do pretesting methods compare? | |
Chapter summary | |
Recommendations and Future Directions | |
Twelve recommendations for cognitive interviewing practice | |
Future directions for cognitive interviewing | |
A final case study | |
In conclusion | |
References | |
Sample cognitive testing protocol | |
Example | |
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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