| Introduction |
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1 | (2) |
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History of Wood Conservation |
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3 | (6) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (14) |
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9 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (4) |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (1) |
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Chemical Composition of Wood |
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15 | (5) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Ultrastructure of the Cell Wall |
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20 | (3) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (20) |
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23 | (9) |
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23 | (5) |
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28 | (4) |
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32 | (5) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (2) |
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Strength and Stiffness Properties |
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37 | (6) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (2) |
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Corrosion Behavior of Wood |
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43 | (8) |
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43 | (4) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Corrosive Effects of Wood on Materials |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (4) |
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48 | (3) |
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Biological Deterioration of Wood |
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51 | (92) |
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51 | (39) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (2) |
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Development and Reproduction |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (17) |
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73 | (6) |
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79 | (2) |
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Other Insect Pests of Wood |
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81 | (4) |
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Enemies of Wood-Destroying Insects |
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85 | (3) |
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Monitoring of Insect Infestations |
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88 | (2) |
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Attacks on Surface Decorations, Glues, and Consolidants |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (42) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (6) |
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Fungal Stain and Surface Molds |
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105 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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108 | (13) |
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Ascomycota and Deuteromycota |
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121 | (1) |
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Staining Fungi and Surface Molds |
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122 | (1) |
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Ascomycota and Deuteromycota |
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122 | (5) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Determination of Adenosin Triphosphate (ATP) |
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128 | (1) |
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Immunological Determination |
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129 | (1) |
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Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) |
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129 | (1) |
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Attack on Consolidants and Coatings for Wood |
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129 | (2) |
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Dangers to Health from Wood-Destroying Fungi |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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Bacteria Destroying Pit Membranes |
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132 | (1) |
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Bacteria Destroying Wood Cell Walls |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (9) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (7) |
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Diagnosis of Wood Condition |
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143 | (22) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (3) |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (4) |
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157 | (1) |
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Chemical and Biological Procedures |
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158 | (7) |
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159 | (6) |
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Liquid Wood Preservatives |
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165 | (110) |
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165 | (3) |
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168 | (17) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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Copper(II) Sulfate and Other Copper Salts |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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Zinc(II) Chloride and Other Zinc Salts |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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Arsenic Trioxide and Arsenic Salts |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Sodium Fluoride and Other Fluorides |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (65) |
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Tars, Tar Oils, and Kerosene |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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Aldrin, Dieldrin, and Heptachlor |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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3-Iodo-2-propynyl-butyl-carbamate |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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Dinitrophenols and Dinitrocresols |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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Sodium Pentachlorophenolate |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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Benzimidazole Derivatives |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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Quarternary Ammonium Compounds |
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224 | (4) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
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Mixtures of Natural Products |
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239 | (1) |
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Pyroligneous Acid (Wood Vinegar) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (7) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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Conventional and Modified Empty-Cell Treatments |
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256 | (1) |
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Double Vacuum Impregnation |
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256 | (1) |
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Special Pressure Treatments |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Diffusion Methods (Bandage Methods) |
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256 | (1) |
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Injection and Infusion Methods |
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257 | (1) |
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Impregnation via Bore Holes |
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257 | (2) |
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Damage by Wood Preservatives |
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259 | (2) |
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Decontamination and Masking of Wood Which Contains Preservatives |
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261 | (14) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (10) |
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275 | (52) |
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Nature and Scope of Fumigant Treatments |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (19) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (3) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (2) |
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Gases of Low Reactivity and Inert Gases |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (4) |
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289 | (4) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (13) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (4) |
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303 | (3) |
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Additional Compounds: Propylene Oxide |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (4) |
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Damage Caused by Fumigants |
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312 | (15) |
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Possible Damage by Specific Fumigants |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Sulfuryl Fluoride (Used as Technical Grade) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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318 | (9) |
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327 | (28) |
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327 | (1) |
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Control Through Temperature Changes |
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328 | (10) |
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328 | (7) |
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335 | (3) |
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Changing Air Humidity and Material Moisture Content |
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338 | (1) |
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Use of Pressure Differentials |
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339 | (2) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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Utilizing Sound and Electromagnetic Waves |
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341 | (14) |
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341 | (1) |
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Microwaves/High Frequency Waves |
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342 | (3) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (2) |
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348 | (7) |
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355 | (8) |
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Opportunities for Biological Control of Insect Infestations and for Bioprotection |
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355 | (3) |
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Opportunities for Biological Control of Fungal Decay and Bioprotection |
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358 | (5) |
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360 | (3) |
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363 | (178) |
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Objectives, Scope, and Procedures for Consolidation Treatments |
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363 | (9) |
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The Role of Wood Permeability |
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364 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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Condition and Mobility of the Object |
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365 | (1) |
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Intended Renovation and Use |
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365 | (1) |
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Physical State of Consolidants for Application |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (2) |
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Criteria for the Selection of Solvents |
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368 | (2) |
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Choice of Treatment Method |
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370 | (2) |
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372 | (6) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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Aluminum Potassium Sulfate |
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372 | (3) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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Sodium Dichromate and Chromium(VI) Oxide |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (118) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (3) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (2) |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (3) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (3) |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (2) |
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396 | (3) |
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399 | (3) |
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402 | (1) |
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Ethylene Glycol and Other Alkylene Glycols |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (2) |
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405 | (17) |
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422 | (6) |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (1) |
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Cellulose Ethers: Methyl Cellulose, Hydroxypropyl Cellulose |
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430 | (2) |
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Cellulose Esters: Cellulose Nitrate, Cellulose Acetate |
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432 | (3) |
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435 | (1) |
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Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins |
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435 | (4) |
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439 | (2) |
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Melamine-Formaldehyde Resins |
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441 | (4) |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (4) |
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449 | (2) |
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451 | (3) |
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454 | (2) |
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Poly(vinylidene chloride) and Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) |
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456 | (1) |
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Poly(methyl methacrylate) |
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456 | (7) |
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463 | (4) |
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467 | (4) |
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Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) |
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471 | (2) |
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473 | (2) |
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Unsaturated Polyester Resins |
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475 | (4) |
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479 | (9) |
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488 | (2) |
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490 | (2) |
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Organosilicon Compounds (Silicons, Polysiloxanes) |
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492 | (4) |
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496 | (45) |
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Nature of Consolidation Processes |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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Chemical and Physico-Chemical Curing Processes |
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497 | (2) |
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Drying Processes for Waterlogged Wood |
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499 | (2) |
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Methods of Stabilizing Waterlogged Wood with PEG |
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501 | (1) |
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Methods of Stabilizing Waterlogged Wood/Iron Composites |
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502 | (1) |
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Post-treatment Damage by Consolidants and Possible Remedies |
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503 | (2) |
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505 | (36) |
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Adhesives and Gap Fillers |
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541 | (20) |
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541 | (12) |
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Adhesives for Wood Conservation |
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541 | (3) |
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544 | (1) |
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544 | (1) |
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545 | (1) |
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546 | (1) |
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546 | (1) |
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Wood Tar, Bitumen, and Asphalt |
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546 | (1) |
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Adhesives Derived from Wood |
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547 | (1) |
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547 | (1) |
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Cellulose Ether: Methyl Cellulose |
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547 | (1) |
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Cellulose Ester: Cellulose Nitrate |
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547 | (1) |
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548 | (1) |
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Phenol/Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Resins |
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548 | (1) |
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549 | (1) |
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Melamine-Formaldehyde Resins |
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549 | (1) |
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550 | (1) |
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550 | (1) |
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551 | (1) |
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552 | (1) |
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Polyurethanes (Polyisocyanates) |
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552 | (1) |
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553 | (8) |
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553 | (1) |
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Gap Fillers for Wood Conservation |
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553 | (1) |
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554 | (1) |
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Natural Substance Fillers |
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554 | (1) |
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554 | (3) |
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557 | (4) |
| Appendix |
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561 | (6) |
| Chemicals and Materials Index |
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567 | (4) |
| Trade Name Index |
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571 | (6) |
| Index of Scientific Names of Organisms |
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577 | |