Elements of Finite Model Theory

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Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2004-09-15
Publisher(s): Springer Nature
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Summary

This book is an introduction to finite model theory which stresses the computer science origins of the area. In addition to presenting the main techniques for analyzing logics over finite models, the book deals extensively with applications in databases, complexity theory, and formal languages, as well as other branches of computer science. It covers Ehrenfeucht-Fra??ss?? games, locality-based techniques, complexity analysis of logics, including the basics of descriptive complexity, second-order logic and its fragments, connections with finite automata, fixed point logics, finite variable logics, zero-one laws, and embedded finite models, and gives a brief tour of recently discovered applications of finite model theory. This book can be used both as an introduction to the subject, suitable for a one- or two-semester graduate course, or as reference for researchers who apply techniques from logic in computer science.

Author Biography

The author has been with the department of computer science at the University of Toronto since 2000. Prior to that, he was a researcher at Bell Laboratories, and he spent two years visiting INRIA in France. His research interests are in the areas of database theory and applications of logic in computer science.He is coauthor/editor of:Constraint DatabasesKuper, G., Libkin, L., Paredaens, J. (Eds.), 12.04.2000, ISBN 3-540-66151-4Finite-Model Theory and Its ApplicationsGr+ñdel, E., Kolaitis, P.G. (et al.), 07.2004, ISBN 3-540-00428-9Semantics in DatabasesThalheim, B., Libkin, L. (Eds.), Vol. 1358, 25.02.1998, ISBN 3-540-64199-8

Table of Contents

Introduction
1(12)
A Database Example
1(3)
An Example from Complexity Theory
4(2)
An Example from Formal Language Theory
6(2)
An Overview of the Book
8(2)
Exercises
10(3)
Preliminaries
13(10)
Background from Mathematical Logic
13(4)
Background from Automata and Computability Theory
17(2)
Background from Complexity Theory
19(2)
Bibliographic Notes
21(2)
Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse Games
23(22)
First Inexpressibility Proofs
23(3)
Definition and Examples of Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse Games
26(6)
Games and the Expressive Power of FO
32(1)
Rank-k Types
33(2)
Proof of the Ehrenfeucht-Fraisse Theorem
35(2)
More Inexpressibility Results
37(3)
Bibliographic Notes
40(1)
Exercises
41(4)
Locality and Winning Games
45(22)
Neighborhoods, Hanf-locality, and Gaifman-locality
45(4)
Combinatorics of Neighborhoods
49(2)
Locality of FO
51(3)
Structures of Small Degree
54(3)
Locality of FO Revisited
57(5)
Bibliographic Notes
62(1)
Exercises
63(4)
Ordered Structures
67(20)
Invariant Queries
67(2)
The Power of Order-invariant FO
69(4)
Locality of Order-invariant FO
73(10)
Bibliographic Notes
83(1)
Exercises
83(4)
Complexity of First-Order Logic
87(26)
Data, Expression, and Combined Complexity
87(2)
Circuits and FO Queries
89(4)
Expressive Power with Arbitrary Predicates
93(2)
Uniformity and AC0
95(4)
Combined Complexity of FO
99(1)
Parametric Complexity and Locality
99(3)
Conjunctive Queries
102(6)
Bibliographic Notes
108(1)
Exercises
109(4)
Monadic Second-Order Logic and Automata
113(28)
Second-Order Logic and Its Fragments
113(3)
MSO Games and Types
116(3)
Existential and Universal MSO on Graphs
119(5)
MSO on Strings and Regular Languages
124(3)
FO on Strings and Star-Free Languages
127(2)
Tree Automata
129(4)
Complexity of MSO
133(3)
Bibliographic Notes
136(1)
Exercises
137(4)
Logics with Counting
141(24)
Counting and Unary Quantifiers
141(4)
An Infinitary Counting Logic
145(6)
Games for L*∞ω (Cnt)
151(2)
Counting and Locality
153(2)
Complexity of Counting Quantifiers
155(3)
Aggregate Operators
158(3)
Bibliographic Notes
161(1)
Exercises
161(4)
Turing Machines and Finite Models
165(12)
Trakhtenbrot's Theorem and Failure of Completeness
165(3)
Fagin's Theorem and NP
168(6)
Bibliographic Notes
174(1)
Exercises
174(3)
Fixed Point Logics and Complexity Classes
177(34)
Fixed Points of Operators on Sets
178(2)
Fixed Point Logics
180(4)
Properties of LFP and IFP
184(8)
LFP, PFP, and Polynomial Time and Space
192(3)
Datalog and LFP
195(4)
Transitive Closure Logic
199(5)
A Logic for PTime?
204(2)
Bibliographic Notes
206(1)
Exercises
207(4)
Finite Variable Logics
211(24)
Logics with Finitely Many Variables
211(4)
Pebble Games
215(5)
Definability of Types
220(5)
Ordering of Types
225(4)
Canonical Structures and the Abiteboul-Vianu Theorem
229(3)
Bibliographic Notes
232(1)
Exercises
233(2)
Zero-One Laws
235(14)
Asymptotic Probabilities and Zero-One Laws
235(3)
Extension Axioms
238(3)
The Random Graph
241(2)
Zero-One Law and Second-Order Logic
243(2)
Almost Everywhere Equivalence of Logics
245(1)
Bibliographic Notes
246(1)
Exercises
247(2)
Embedded Finite Models
249(26)
Embedded Finite Models: the Setting
249(3)
Analyzing Embedded Finite Models
252(4)
Active-Generic Collapse
256(4)
Restricted Quantifier Collapse
260(5)
The Random Graph and Collapse to MSO
265(2)
An Application: Constraint Databases
267(3)
Bibliographic Notes
270(1)
Exercises
271(4)
Other Applications of Finite Model Theory
275(16)
Finite Model Property and Decision Problems
275(3)
Temporal and Modal Logics
278(7)
Constraint Satisfaction and Homomorphisms of Finite Models
285(3)
Bibliographic Notes
288(3)
References 291(14)
List of Notation 305(2)
Index 307(6)
Name Index 313

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