With this book, Barthes offers a broad-ranging meditation on the culture, society, art, literature, language, and iconography--in short, both the sign-oriented realities and fantasies--of Japan itself. Roland Bartheswas born in 1915 and studied French literature and the classics at the University of Paris. After teaching French at universities in Romania and Egypt, he joined the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, where he devoted himself to research in sociology and lexicology. He was a professor at the College de France until his death in 1980. With this book, Barthes offers a broad-ranging meditation on the culture, society, art, literature, language, and iconographyin short, both the sign-oriented realities and fantasiesof Japan itself. "If Japan did not exist, Barthes would have had to invent itnot that Japandoesexist inEmpire of Signs, for Barthes is careful to point out that he is not analyzing the real Japan, there is no terribleinnernessas in the West, no soul, no God, no fate, no ego, no grandeur, no metaphysics, no 'promotional fever,' and finally no meaning . . . For Barthes Japan is a test, a challenge to think the unthinkable, a place where meaning is finally banished. Paradise, indeed, for the great student of signs."Edmund White,The New York Times Book Review