
Energy Science Principles, Technologies, and Impacts
by Andrews, John; Jelley, Nick-
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Summary
Author Biography
Table of Contents
Acknowledgement of sources | p. xiv |
Introduction | p. 1 |
A brief history of energy technology | p. 1 |
Global energy trends | p. 8 |
Global warming and the greenhouse effect | p. 10 |
Units and dimensional analysis | p. 13 |
Summary | p. 15 |
Further Reading | p. 15 |
Web Links | p. 15 |
Exercises | p. 16 |
Thermal energy | p. 18 |
Heat and temperature | p. 18 |
Heat transfer | p. 19 |
First law of thermodynamics and the efficiency of a thermal power plant | p. 24 |
Closed cycle for a steam power plant | p. 24 |
Useful thermodynamic quantities | p. 27 |
Thermal properties of water and steam | p. 29 |
Disadvantages of a Carnot cycle for a steam power plant | p. 32 |
Rankine cycle for steam power plants | p. 33 |
Gas turbines and the Brayton (or Joule) cycle | p. 36 |
Combined cycle gas turbine | p. 38 |
Fossil fuels and combustion | p. 39 |
Fluidized beds | p. 41 |
Carbon sequestration | p. 41 |
Geothermal energy | p. 42 |
Summary | p. 47 |
Further Reading | p. 49 |
Web Links | p. 49 |
List of Main Symbols | p. 49 |
Exercises | p. 50 |
Essential fluid mechanics for energy conversion | p. 53 |
Basic physical properties of fluids | p. 53 |
Streamlines and stream-tubes | p. 54 |
Mass continuity | p. 54 |
Energy conservation in an ideal fluid: Bernoulli's equation | p. 55 |
Dynamics of a viscous fluid | p. 58 |
Lift and circulation | p. 62 |
Euler's turbine equation | p. 65 |
Summary | p. 66 |
Further Reading | p. 67 |
List of Main Symbols | p. 68 |
Exercises | p. 68 |
Hydropower, tidal power, and wave power | p. 70 |
Hydropower | p. 71 |
Power output from a dam | p. 72 |
Measurement of volume flow rate using a weir | p. 73 |
Water turbines | p. 74 |
Impact, economics, and prospects of hydropower | p. 79 |
Tides | p. 80 |
Tidal power | p. 84 |
Power from a tidal barrage | p. 84 |
Tidal resonance | p. 85 |
Kinetic energy of tidal currents | p. 86 |
Ecological and environmental impact of tidal barrages | p. 87 |
Economics and prospects for tidal power | p. 87 |
Wave energy | p. 88 |
Wave power devices | p. 90 |
Environmental impact, economics, and prospects of wave power | p. 95 |
Summary | p. 95 |
Further Reading | p. 96 |
Web Links | p. 97 |
List of Main Symbols | p. 97 |
Exercises | p. 97 |
Wind power | p. 99 |
Source of wind energy | p. 99 |
Global wind patterns | p. 100 |
Modern wind turbines | p. 103 |
Kinetic energy of wind | p. 104 |
Principles of a horizontal-axis wind turbine | p. 105 |
Wind turbine blade design | p. 107 |
Dependence of the power coefficient C[subscript p] on the tip-speed ratio [lambda] | p. 111 |
Design of a modern horizontal-axis wind turbine | p. 114 |
Turbine control and operation | p. 117 |
Wind characteristics | p. 118 |
Power output of a wind turbine | p. 121 |
Wind farms | p. 122 |
Environmental impact and public acceptance | p. 122 |
Economics of wind power | p. 125 |
Outlook | p. 126 |
Conclusion | p. 129 |
Summary | p. 129 |
Further Reading | p. 130 |
Web Links | p. 130 |
List of Main Symbols | p. 130 |
Exercises | p. 130 |
Solar energy | p. 134 |
The solar spectrum | p. 135 |
Semiconductors | p. 136 |
p-n junction | p. 138 |
Solar photocells | p. 141 |
Efficiency of solar cells | p. 143 |
Commercial solar cells | p. 148 |
Developing technologies | p. 155 |
Solar panels | p. 160 |
Economics of photovoltaics (PV) | p. 161 |
Environmental impact of photovoltaics | p. 163 |
Outlook for photovoltaics | p. 164 |
Solar thermal power plants | p. 164 |
Summary | p. 170 |
Further Reading | p. 171 |
Web Links | p. 171 |
List of Main Symbols | p. 171 |
Exercises | p. 172 |
Biomass | p. 175 |
Photosynthesis and crop yields | p. 175 |
Biomass potential and use | p. 179 |
Biomass energy production | p. 180 |
Environmental impact of biomass | p. 194 |
Economics and potential of biomass | p. 195 |
Outlook | p. 197 |
Summary | p. 197 |
Further Reading | p. 198 |
Web Links | p. 198 |
List of Main Symbols | p. 198 |
Exercises | p. 198 |
Energy from fission | p. 200 |
Binding energy and stability of nuclei | p. 201 |
Fission | p. 205 |
Thermal reactors | p. 212 |
Thermal reactor designs | p. 219 |
Fast reactors | p. 228 |
Present-day nuclear reactors | p. 230 |
Safety of nuclear power | p. 233 |
Economics of nuclear power | p. 234 |
Environmental impact of nuclear power | p. 235 |
Public opinion on nuclear power | p. 236 |
Outlook for nuclear power | p. 237 |
Summary | p. 239 |
Further Reading | p. 240 |
Web Links | p. 240 |
List of Main Symbols | p. 240 |
Exercises | p. 240 |
Energy from fusion | p. 244 |
Magnetic confinement | p. 245 |
D-T fusion reactor | p. 246 |
Performance of tokamaks | p. 251 |
Plasmas | p. 251 |
Charged particle motion in E and B fields | p. 253 |
Tokamaks | p. 257 |
Plasma confinement | p. 258 |
Divertor tokamaks | p. 264 |
Outlook for controlled fusion | p. 266 |
Summary | p. 271 |
Further Reading | p. 272 |
Web Links | p. 272 |
List of Main Symbols | p. 272 |
Exercises | p. 272 |
Generation and transmission of electricity, energy storage, and fuel cells | p. 274 |
Generation of electricity | p. 274 |
High voltage power transmission | p. 278 |
Transformers | p. 280 |
High voltage direct current transmission | p. 281 |
Electricity grids | p. 282 |
Energy storage | p. 282 |
Pumped storage | p. 283 |
Compressed air energy storage | p. 284 |
Flywheels | p. 285 |
Superconducting magnetic energy storage | p. 286 |
Batteries | p. 286 |
Fuel cells | p. 287 |
Storage and production of hydrogen | p. 288 |
Outlook for fuel cells | p. 292 |
Summary | p. 292 |
Web Links | p. 293 |
List of Main Symbols | p. 293 |
Exercises | p. 294 |
Energy and society | p. 295 |
Environmental impact of energy production | p. 295 |
Economics of energy production | p. 299 |
Cost-benefit analysis and risk assessment | p. 304 |
Designing safe systems | p. 306 |
Carbon abatement policies | p. 308 |
Stabilization wedges for limiting CO[subscript 2] emissions | p. 309 |
Conclusions | p. 312 |
Summary | p. 313 |
Further Reading | p. 313 |
Web Links | p. 314 |
Exercises | p. 314 |
Numerical answers to exercises | p. 316 |
Index | p. 319 |
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