List of Figures | p. xi |
List of Tables | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Abbreviations | p. xvii |
Introduction | p. 3 |
Aim and Structure of the Book | p. 6 |
Key Research Concepts, Methods, and Goals | p. 8 |
Overview | p. 12 |
The Critical Role of Environmental Resources | p. 13 |
Sources of Environmental Scarcity | p. 14 |
The Importance of Context | p. 16 |
Pivotal Countries | p. 18 |
Ingenuity and Adaptation | p. 25 |
Two Centuries of Debate | p. 28 |
Neo-Malthusians versus Economic Optimists | p. 29 |
The Distributionist Alternative | p. 35 |
Thresholds, Interdependence, and Interactivity | p. 37 |
Social Friction and Adaptive Failure | p. 42 |
Appendix: How to Read a Systems Diagram | p. 45 |
Environmental Scarcity | p. 47 |
Three Sources of Scarcity | p. 47 |
Factors Producing Scarcity | p. 49 |
The Physical Trends of Global Change | p. 52 |
Interactions and Social Effects | p. 73 |
Interactions | p. 73 |
Social Effects | p. 80 |
Appendix: The Causal Role of Environmental Scarcity | p. 104 |
Ingenuity and Adaptation | p. 107 |
The Nature and Role of Ingenuity | p. 109 |
Some Factors Increasing the Requirement for Ingenuity | p. 112 |
Some Factors Limiting the Supply of Ingenuity | p. 114 |
Conclusions | p. 125 |
Appendix: Can Poor Countries Attain Endogenous Growth? | p. 127 |
Violence | p. 133 |
Types of Violent Conflict | p. 136 |
Four Further Cases | p. 148 |
Urban Growth and Violence | p. 155 |
Implications for International Security | p. 166 |
Appendix: Hypothesis Testing and Case Selection | p. 169 |
Conclusions | p. 177 |
Notes | p. 183 |
General Readings on Environmental Security | p. 241 |
Index | p. 247 |
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Environment, Scarcity, and Violence
by Thomas F. Homer-Dixon-
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