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xiii | |
| Abbreviations |
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xvii | |
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Principles of enzyme assay and kinetic studies |
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1 | (48) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (14) |
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1 | (4) |
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Initial rate measurements |
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5 | (1) |
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Integrated rate equations |
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6 | (1) |
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Bursts and lags in progress curves |
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7 | (4) |
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11 | (4) |
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The effects of enzyme concentration |
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15 | (3) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Expression of enzyme activity |
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18 | (2) |
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Units and specific activity |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Conditions for activity measurements |
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20 | (1) |
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The effects of substrate concentration |
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20 | (9) |
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The Michaelis-Menten relationship |
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20 | (1) |
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Failure to obey the Michaelis-Menten equation |
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21 | (8) |
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29 | (20) |
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29 | (9) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (4) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (5) |
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49 | (30) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (21) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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Limitations and sources of error |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (1) |
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Measurement of low rates of absorbance change |
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55 | (1) |
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Use of absorbance coefficient |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (5) |
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63 | (1) |
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Examples of enzymes assayed by absorbance change |
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64 | (6) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (8) |
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The fluorescence spectrometer |
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72 | (1) |
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Quantitation of fluorescence |
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72 | (1) |
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Causes of non-linearity - the inner filter effect |
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73 | (1) |
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Examples of fluorimetric enzyme assays |
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73 | (4) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (24) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (18) |
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80 | (1) |
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Precipitation of macromolecules |
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81 | (1) |
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Solvent extraction methods |
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81 | (1) |
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Paper and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) methods |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) |
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82 | (16) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Measurement of radioactivity |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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High performance liquid chromatographic assays |
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103 | (38) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
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103 | (1) |
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Chromatographic parameters |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (11) |
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Characteristics of silica |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Reverse phase chromatography |
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108 | (3) |
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Influence of composition of mobile phase |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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Size-exclusion chromatography |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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Essential components of an HPLC system |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (4) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Refractive-index (RI) detectors |
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121 | (1) |
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Electrochemical detectors |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (2) |
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Selection of a chromatographic mode |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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De-gassing and filtration of solvents |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Application of HPLC to enzymatic analysis |
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125 | (16) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (3) |
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133 | (3) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (4) |
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Electrochemical assays: the oxygen electrode |
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141 | (8) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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Current/voltage relationships |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (2) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (4) |
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Tissue/organelle respiration studies |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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Electrochemical assays: the nitric oxide electrode |
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149 | (8) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Principles of selectivity and sensitivity |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Membrane integrity and maintenance |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (2) |
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Calibration for liquid measurements |
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151 | (2) |
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Calibration for gas-phase measurements |
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153 | (1) |
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NO and cellular respiration studies |
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153 | (4) |
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155 | (2) |
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Electrochemical assays: the pH-stat |
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157 | (14) |
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157 | (1) |
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The basis of pH-stat methodology |
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157 | (2) |
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Principle and general approach |
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157 | (1) |
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pH-stat components and their functions |
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158 | (1) |
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Some limitations and sources of error |
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159 | (1) |
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Commercial and custom-made pH-stat assemblies |
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159 | (3) |
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159 | (1) |
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Some pH-stat systems described in the literature |
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159 | (3) |
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General pH-stat procedure and specific protocols for some individual enzymes |
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162 | (6) |
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162 | (6) |
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A systematic error in pH-stat assays of enzymes in haemolysates |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (3) |
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168 | (3) |
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Enzyme assays after gel electrophoresis |
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171 | (38) |
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171 | (1) |
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Preparation of enzyme extracts |
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171 | (4) |
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Extraction of microorganisms |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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Principles of enzyme visualization |
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175 | (5) |
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Methods to visualize oxidative enzymes |
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175 | (2) |
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Methods to visualize transferases |
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177 | (1) |
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Methods to visualize hydrolases |
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178 | (2) |
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Methods to visualize lyases, isomerases and ligases |
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180 | (1) |
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A compilation of protocols to visualize enzymes following electrophoretic separation |
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180 | (29) |
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184 | (17) |
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Buffer systems for electrophoresis |
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201 | (5) |
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206 | (3) |
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Techniques for enzyme extraction |
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209 | (16) |
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Introduction: scope of the chapter |
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209 | (1) |
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Disruption of tissues and cells |
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210 | (5) |
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210 | (1) |
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Disruption of tissue and separation of cells |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (3) |
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Protection of enzyme activity |
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215 | (4) |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Protection of thiol groups |
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217 | (1) |
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Protection against heavy metals |
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217 | (1) |
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Control of mechanical stress |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Assays of enzymes in unfractionated cell-extracts |
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219 | (1) |
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The presence of endogenous inhibitors |
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219 | (1) |
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Interference from other reactions |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (5) |
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220 | (1) |
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Buffers, and control of pH |
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221 | (2) |
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The determination of protein |
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223 | (1) |
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References for Appendices |
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224 | (1) |
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Determination of active site concentration |
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225 | (10) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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Categories of titration methods |
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226 | (9) |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (2) |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (2) |
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High throughput screening - considerations for enzyme assays |
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235 | (14) |
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235 | (1) |
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The drug discovery process |
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235 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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A model of drug discovery |
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236 | (1) |
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High through put screening |
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237 | (8) |
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239 | (1) |
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Considerations for high throughput assays |
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240 | (5) |
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245 | (1) |
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Assay formats for enzymatic HTS |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
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Statistical analysis of enzyme kinetic data |
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249 | (20) |
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249 | (1) |
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Derivation of relationships |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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Basic assumptions of least squares |
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251 | (1) |
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Fitting the Michaelis-Menten equation |
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252 | (6) |
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Equations with more than two parameters |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (2) |
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Distribution free methods |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (3) |
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267 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
| List of suppliers |
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269 | (4) |
| Enzyme index |
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273 | (4) |
| General index |
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277 | |