Experiments with People : Revelations from Social Psychology,9780805828979

Experiments with People : Revelations from Social Psychology

by ; ; ;
ISBN13: 9780805828979
ISBN10: 0805828974
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2003-07-01
Publisher(s): Lawrence Erlbau
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Summary

Experiments With Peopleshowcases 28 intriguing studies that have significantly advanced our understanding of human thought and social behavior. These studies, mostly laboratory experiments, shed light on the irrationality of everyday thinking, the cruelty and indifference of 'ordinary' people, the operation of the unconscious mind, and the intimate bond between the self and others. This book tells the inside story of how social psychological research gets done and why it matters. Each chapter focuses on the details and implications of a single study, but cites related research and real-life examples. All chapters are self-contained, allowing them to be read in any order. Each chapter is divided into: *Background--provides the rationale for the study; *What They Did--outlines the design and procedure used; *What They Found--summarizes the results obtained; *So What?--articulates the significance of those results; *Afterthoughts--explores the broader issues raised by the study; and *Revelation--encapsulates the 'take-home message' of each chapter. This paperback is ideal as a main or supplementary text for courses in social psychology, introductory psychology, or research design.

Author Biography

Aiden P. Gregg is a member of the Centre for Research on Self and Identity at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom. Kurt P. Frey is an Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Bridgeport, where he was recently awarded Teacher of the Year. Robert P. Abelson is a Professor Emeritus at Yale University.

Table of Contents

Introduction xi
1 Strangers to Ourselves: The Shortcomings of Introspection 1(13)
Nisbett, R.E., & Bellows, N. (1977). Verbal reports about causal influences on social judgments: Private access versus public theories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 6 13-624.
2 Mythical Memories: Reconstructing the Past in the Present 14(15)
McFarland, C., Ross, M., & DeCourville, N. (1993). Women's theories of menstruation and biases in recall of menstrual symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093-1104.
3 Taking the Edge Off Adversity: The Psychological Immune System 29(12)
Gilbert, D.T., Pinel, E.C., Wilson, T.D., Blumberg, S.J., & Wheatley, T.P. (1998). Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 617-638.
4 Believing Is Seeing: Partisan Perceptions of Media Bias 41(11)
Vallone, R.P, Ross, L., & Lepper, M.R. (1985). The hostile media phenomenon: Biased perception and perceptions of media bias coverage of the "Beirut Massacre." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49, 577-585.
5 Frames of Mind: Taking Risks or Playing Safe? 52(12)
Rothman, A.J., Martino, S.C., Bedeli, B.T., Detweiler, J.B., & Salovey, P (1999). The systematic influence of gain- and loss- framed messages on interest in and use of different types of health behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25,1355-1369.
6 Clashing Cognitions: When Actions Prompt Attitudes 64(15)
Festfinger, A.L., & Carlsmith, J. (1959). Cognitive consequences of forced compliance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-10.
7 Baptism of Fire: When Suffering Leads to Liking 79(11)
Aronson, E., & Mills, J. (1959). The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59, 177-181.
8 Taking the Magic Out of the Markers: The Hidden Cost of Rewards 90(13)
Lepper, M., Greene, D., & Nisbett, R.E. (1973). Undermining children's intrinsic interest with extrinsic reward: A test of the 'overjustification' hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 129-137.
9 The Calvinist's Conundrum: Unconsciously Engineering Good Omens 103(11)
Quattrone, G.A., & Tversky, A. (1980). Causal versus diagnostic reasoning: On self-deception and the voter's illusion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 237-248.
10 Pitfalls of Purpose: Ironic Processes in Mood Control 114(13)
Wegner, D., Erber, R., & Zanakos, S. (1993). Ironic Processes in the mental control of mood and mood-related thought. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1093-1104.
11 Familiarity Breeds Liking: The Positive Effects of Mere Exposure 127(10)
Mita, T.H., Derurer, M., & Knight, J. (1977). Reversed facial images and the mere-exposure hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 597-601.
12 Beneath the Mask: Tools for Detecting Hidden Prejudice 137(14)
Dovidio, J.F, Kawakami, K., Johnson, C., Johnson, B., & Howard, A. (1997). On the nature of prejudice: Automatic and controlled processes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 33, 510-540.
13 I Think, Therefore I Act: Priming Intelligence With Social Stereotypes 151(11)
Dijksterhuis, A., & van Knippenberg, A. (1998). The relation between perception and behavior, or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 865-877.
14 What Did You Expect?: The Behavioral Confirmation of the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype 162(12)
Snyder, M., Tanke, E.D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 656-666.
15 Good Vibes: Insights Into Belief in Mental Telepathy 174(12)
Ayeroff, F. & Abelson, R.P. (1976). ESP and ESB: Belief in personal success at mental telepathy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 240-247.
16 The Eye Is Quicker Than the Mind: Believing Precedes Unbelieving 186(13)
Gilbert, D.T., Tafarodi, R.W., & Malone, PS. (1993). You can't not believe everything you read. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 221-233.
17 Going Along to Get Along: Conformity to croup Ilorms 199(13)
Asch, S.E. (1955, November). Opinions and social pressure. Scientific American, 31-35.
18 The Unhurried Samaritan: When Context Determines Character 212(10)
Darley, J.M., & Batson, C.D. (1973). "From Jerusalem to Jericho": A study of situational and dispositional variables in helping behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 27,100-108.
19 Who, Me?: The Failure of Bystanders to Intervene in Emergencies 222(11)
Darley, J.M., & Latané, B. (1968). Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 8, 377-383.
20 Love Thy Neighbor or Thyself?: Empathy as a Source of Altruism 233(12)
Batson, C., Dyck, J., Brandt, J.R., Batson, J., Powell, A., McMaster, M.R., & Griffitt, C. (1988). Five studies testing two new egoistic alternatives to the empathy-altruism hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 52-77.
21 Just Following Orders: A Shocking Demonstration of Obedience to Authority 245(14)
Milgram, S. (1963). The behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 371-378.
22 Hooded Hoodlums: The Role of Deindividuation in Antisocial Behavior 259(9)
Diener, E., Fraser, S.C., Beaman, A.L., & Kelem, R.T. (1976). Effects of deindividuation variables on stealing among Halloween trick-or-treaters. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33, 178-183.
23 The Burglar's Situation: Actor-Observer Differences in Explaining Behavior 268(12)
West, S.G., Gunn, S.P. & Chernicky, P. (1975). Ubiquitous Watergate: An attributional analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32, 55-65.
24 Of Cockroaches and Men: Social Enhancement and Inhibition of Performance 280(9)
Zajonc, R.B., Heingarter, A., & Herman, E.M. (1969). Social enhancement and impairment of performance in the cockroach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13, 83-92.
25 "We're Number One!": Basking in Others' Glory 289(11)
Cialdini, R.B., Borden, R.J., Thorne, A., Walker, M.R., Freeman, S., & Sloan, L.R. (1976). Basking in reflected glory: Three (football) field studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 366-375.
26 Ackmians Are From Mars, Orinthians Are From Venus: Gender Stereotypes as Role Rationalizations 300(13)
Hoffman, C., & Hurst, N. (1990). Gender stereotypes: Perception or rationalization? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 197-208.
27 When Two Become One: Expanding the Self to Include the Other 313(13)
Aron, A., Aron, E.N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 241-253.
28 The Wrath of the Rejected: Being Shut Out Makes One Lash Out 326(13)
Tovenge, J.M., Baumeister, R.F. Tice, D.M., & Stucke, T.S. (2001). If you can't join them, beat them: The effects of social exclusions on aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 1058-1069.
Revelations 339(4)
Author Index 343(10)
Subject Index 353

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