Fingerprints: Analysis and Understanding

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Format: Nonspecific Binding
Pub. Date: 2008-11-20
Publisher(s): CRC Press
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Summary

The unique composition of the skin on the inner hands and bottom of the feet affords not only a utilitarian benefit in providing friction but also provides a forensic marker for identifying individuals. Fingerprints: Analysis and Understandingis the most fundamental, up-to-date resource available on the techniques of obtaining and analyzing latent fingerprint evidence.Using an outline format for rapid comprehension, this concise text is as easy to understand by those collecting evidence as it is by those in the branches of criminal justice who need to understand the principles. Divided into two parts, the book begins with the basics of analysis, providing a brief history, systematic methods of identification, fingerprint pattern types and their associated terminologies, and current classifications.The second section covers the identification and presentation of evidence in the courtroom, demonstrating both the traditional, manual method of lifting prints and the newertechniques for automated and live scans. The book provides instruction on searching and developing latent prints, storage, and comparison of prints.Author Mark R. Hawthorne is the lead instructor in physical evidence and crime scenes at the San Francisco Police Regional Training Academy. He brings his twenty-nine years experience in police work processing over 3000 crime scenes to present a practical, concise guide to a complex science, helping readers to understand the principles, applications, and uses of fingerprints, whether at the scene, or in the courtroom.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. ix
Acknowledgmentsp. xi
About the Authorp. xiii
Fingerprint Analysis
The History of Fingerprintsp. 3
Outline of the History of Fingerprintsp. 4
Early Nonsystematic Methods of Identificationp. 11
Chapter 1 Study Questionsp. 13
Systematic Methods of Identificationp. 15
Bertillonagep. 16
Fingerprintsp. 18
Definitions Associated with Fingerprintsp. 18
Fingerprint Patterns and Ridge Characteristicsp. 22
More Fingerprint Definitionsp. 22
Chapter 2 Study Questionsp. 24
Fingerprint Pattern Types and Associated Terminologyp. 27
Loop Patternp. 27
Loop Ridge Countingp. 32
Radial and Ulnar Loopsp. 34
Other Issues Pertaining to Loopsp. 34
Plain Arch and Tented Arch Patternsp. 35
The Plain Archp. 35
The Tented Archp. 37
The Whorl Patternp. 40
Plain Whorlp. 40
Central Pocket Loop Whorlp. 44
Double Loop Whorlp. 47
Accidental Whorlp. 48
Ridge Tracing and Counting Whorl Patternsp. 49
The Palm Printp. 51
Chapter 3 Study Questionsp. 54
Classification Henry with FBI Extension, NCIC, and IAFISp. 55
Henry with FBI Extensionp. 55
Ridge Count Conversionp. 61
Conversion Chart for Ridge Countsp. 62
Referencingp. 66
Filing Sequencep. 67
NCIC Classification Systemp. 67
IAFISp. 68
Other Fingerprint Systems (Manual Methods or Systems)p. 69
Chapter 4 Study Questionsp. 70
Development, Identification, and Presentation of Fingerprints
Known/Direct/Inked Fingerprints; Unknown/Latent Fingerprintsp. 75
Known Fingerprintsp. 75
Manual Methodp. 75
Live Scanp. 82
Unknown Fingerprints (Commonly Referred to as Latent Prints)p. 85
Conditions Affecting Latent Printsp. 87
The Crime Scene Search and Fingerprint Developmentp. 87
Fingerprint Development Techniques (see Appendix A)p. 89
Powder Techniquesp. 90
Chemical Techniquesp. 91
Procedure After Developing Printsp. 96
Fingerprint Comparison and Identificationp. 97
Chapter 5 Study Questionsp. 102
Court Presentationp. 103
Preparationp. 103
Court Presentationp. 105
Verbalp. 106
Nonverbalp. 107
Reviewp. 108
Challenges to the Science of Fingerprintsp. 109
Chapter 6 Study Questionsp. 110
Appendix Ap. 113
Appendix Bp. 115
Bibliographyp. 119
Indexp. 121
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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