
Fluoreszenzangiographie in Der Augenheilkunde
by Dithmar, Stefan; Holz, Frank G.-
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Summary
Table of Contents
The physical and chemical fundamentals of fluorescence angiography | p. 1 |
Fluorescence | p. 2 |
Fluorescein | p. 2 |
Indocyanine Green | p. 3 |
The Technical Fundamentals of Fluorescence Angiography | p. 5 |
The basic design of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope | p. 6 |
Light Sources | p. 7 |
Lasers for Fluorescein Angiography | p. 7 |
Lasers for red-free fundus imaging | p. 8 |
Lasers for Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography | p. 9 |
Lasers for reflective infrared imaging | p. 9 |
The Fundamentals of Optical Imaging 9 | |
The confocal principle | p. 9 |
Resolution in depth | p. 10 |
Resolution in breadth | p. 10 |
The Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2 | p. 10 |
HRA2-Parameters for basic imaging modes | p. 11 |
Simultaneous mode | p. 11 |
Composite mode | p. 12 |
Fixation assistance | p. 12 |
Wide angle objective | p. 12 |
ART module | p. 12 |
Examination of the anterior segment | p. 12 |
Stereoscopic imaging | p. 12 |
Components of the analytical software | p. 13 |
Normal Fluorescence Angiography and General Pathological Fluorescence Phenomena | p. 15 |
Normal Fluorescence Angiography and general pathological fluorescence phenomena | p. 16 |
Choroid | p. 16 |
Cilioretinal vessels | p. 16 |
Optic disc | p. 16 |
Retinal vessels | p. 16 |
Macula | p. 16 |
Sclera | p. 17 |
Iris | p. 17 |
Normal ICG-Angiography | p. 17 |
Pathological fluorescence phenomena | p. 17 |
Hyperfluorescence | p. 17 |
Hypofluorescence | p. 18 |
Fundus Autofluorescence | p. 31 |
Introduction | p. 32 |
Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and modified fundus photography | p. 32 |
Methods | p. 32 |
Fundamentals | p. 32 |
The operational sequence of a fundus examination with the cSLO | p. 32 |
Lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium | p. 33 |
Normal fundus autofluorescence | p. 33 |
Fundus autofluorescence - typical findings | p. 33 |
Macular Disorders | p. 55 |
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) | p. 56 |
Drusen | p. 56 |
Irregular Pigmentation of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) | p. 62 |
Geographic atrophy of the RPE | p. 62 |
Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) | p. 64 |
Classic Choroidal Neovascularization | p. 64 |
Occult Choroidal Neovascularization | p. 69 |
Mixed Forms | p. 74 |
Localization of Choroidal Neovascularization | p. 74 |
Serous Detachment of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium | p. 76 |
Breaks in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) | p. 82 |
Idiopathic Polypoid Choroidal Vasculopathy | p. 84 |
Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (RAP) | p. 86 |
Disciform Scarring | p. 88 |
Fluorescein Angiographic Phenomena Following Therapy | p. 90 |
Laser Coagulation | p. 90 |
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) | p. 90 |
Anti VEGF Therapy | p. 90 |
Cystoid Macular Edema | p. 102 |
Hereditary Macular Disorders | p. 104 |
Stargardt's Disease | p. 104 |
Fundus Flavimaculatus | p. 104 |
Best's Disease (Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy) | p. 106 |
Pattern Dystrophies of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) | p. 108 |
Congenital X-Chromosome Retinoschisis | p. 110 |
Adult Vitelliform Macular Degeneration (AVMD) | p. 112 |
The Macular Degeneration of Myopia | p. 114 |
Angioid Streaks | p. 116 |
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) | p. 118 |
Chronic Idiopathic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CICSC) | p. 120 |
Idiopathic Juxtafoveal Teleangiectasias | p. 122 |
Epiretinal Gliosis | p. 124 |
Macular Holes | p. 126 |
Chloroquine Maculopathy | p. 128 |
Retinal Vascular Disease | p. 131 |
Diabetic Retinopathy | p. 132 |
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | p. 132 |
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy | p. 134 |
Hypertensive Retinopathy | p. 136 |
Retinal Arterial Occlusions | p. 138 |
Occlusion of the Central Retinal Artery | p. 138 |
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion | p. 138 |
Retinal Vein Occlusions | p. 140 |
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) | p. 140 |
Tributary Retinal Vein Occlusion | p. 144 |
Retinal Macroaneurysms | p. 146 |
Coats' Disease | p. 148 |
Retinal Capillary Hemangioma | p. 150 |
Cavernous Hemangioma of the Retina.152 | |
Vascular Tortuosity | p. 154 |
Inflammatory Retinal/Choroidal Disease | p. 157 |
Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis | p. 158 |
Multifocal Choroiditis | p. 160 |
Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE) | p. 162 |
Punctate inner Choroidopathy (PIC) | p. 166 |
Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome (POHS) | p. 168 |
Birdshot Chorioretinopathy | p. 170 |
Perivasculitis | p. 173 |
Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis | p. 173 |
Inflammatory Macular Edema | p. 178 |
Serpiginous Choroiditis | p. 180 |
Diseases of the Optic Nerve Head | p. 183 |
Congenital Anomalies of the Optic Disc | p. 184 |
Oblique Insertion of the Optic Nerve | p. 184 |
Myelinated Nerve Fibers | p. 184 |
Drusen of the Optic Disc | p. 186 |
Coloboma of the Optic Disc | p. 190 |
Optic Pit | p. 190 |
Capillary Hemangioma of the Juxtapapillary Retina | p. 194 |
Endophytic Growth | p. 194 |
Sessile Growth | p. 194 |
Exophytic Growth | p. 198 |
Pigmented Optic Disc Anomalies | p. 200 |
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy | p. 202 |
Papillitis | p. 204 |
Papilledema | p. 206 |
Parapapillary Choroidal Neovascularization | p. 208 |
Intraocular Tumors | p. 211 |
Choroidal Melanoma | p. 212 |
Choroidal Metastases | p. 214 |
Choroidal Hemangioma | p. 218 |
Subject Index | p. 221 |
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