| Foreword |
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xi | |
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| Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
| Abbreviations |
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xv | |
| Symbols |
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xvii | |
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1 | (16) |
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Hydrogen Fuel Cells - Basic Principles |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (2) |
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Connecting Cells in Series - the Bipolar Plate |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (2) |
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Other Parts of a Fuel Cell System |
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12 | (2) |
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Figures used to Compare Systems |
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14 | (1) |
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Advantages and Applications |
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15 | (2) |
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Efficiency and Open Circuit Voltage |
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17 | (20) |
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Energy and the EMF of the Hydrogen Fuel Cell |
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17 | (5) |
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The Open Circuit Voltage of other Fuel Cells and Batteries |
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22 | (1) |
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Efficiency and Efficiency Limits |
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23 | (4) |
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Efficiency and the Fuel Cell Voltage |
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27 | (1) |
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The Effect of Pressure and Gas Concentration |
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28 | (7) |
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28 | (4) |
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Hydrogen partial pressure |
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32 | (1) |
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Fuel and oxidant utilisation |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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An application - blood alcohol measurement |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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Operational Fuel Cell Voltages |
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37 | (24) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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Fuel Cell Irreversibilities - Causes of Voltage Drop |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (6) |
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40 | (2) |
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The constants in the Tafel equation |
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42 | (3) |
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Reducing the activation overvoltage |
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45 | (1) |
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Summary of activation overvoltage |
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45 | (1) |
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Fuel Crossover and Internal Currents |
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46 | (3) |
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49 | (1) |
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Mass Transport or Concentration Losses |
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50 | (2) |
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Combining the Irreversibilities |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (3) |
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Distinguishing the Different Irreversibilities |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (2) |
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Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells |
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61 | (48) |
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61 | (2) |
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How the Polymer Electrolyte Works |
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63 | (3) |
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Electrodes and Electrode Structure |
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66 | (3) |
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Water Management in the PEMFC |
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69 | (12) |
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69 | (2) |
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Air flow and water evaporation |
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71 | (6) |
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Running PEM fuel cells without extra humidification |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (3) |
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PEM Fuel Cell Cooling and Air Supply |
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81 | (3) |
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Cooling using the cathode air supply |
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81 | (1) |
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Separate reactant and cooling air |
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81 | (2) |
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Water cooling of PEM fuel cells |
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83 | (1) |
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PEM Fuel Cell Construction Methods |
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84 | (6) |
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84 | (1) |
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Bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (8) |
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90 | (2) |
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Simple quantitative cost/benefit analysis of higher operating pressures |
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92 | (4) |
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Other factors affecting choice of pressure |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (3) |
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Carbon monoxide poisoning |
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98 | (2) |
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Methanol and other liquid fuels |
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100 | (1) |
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Using pure oxygen in place of air |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (8) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
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Alkaline Electrolyte Fuel Cells |
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109 | (14) |
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Historical Background and Overview |
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109 | (2) |
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Types of Alkaline Electrolyte Fuel Cell |
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111 | (5) |
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111 | (2) |
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Static electrolyte alkaline fuel cells |
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113 | (1) |
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Dissolved fuel alkaline fuel cells |
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114 | (2) |
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Electrodes for Alkaline Electrolyte Fuel Cells |
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116 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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Operating Pressure and Temperature |
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118 | (3) |
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121 | (2) |
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122 | (1) |
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Medium and High Temperature Fuel Cells |
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123 | (58) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (12) |
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An introduction to fuel reforming |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (6) |
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The use of heat exchangers - exergy and pinch technology |
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134 | (3) |
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The Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) |
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137 | (9) |
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137 | (5) |
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142 | (2) |
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Recent developments in PAFC |
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144 | (2) |
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The Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) |
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146 | (18) |
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146 | (3) |
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Implications of using a molten carbonate electrolyte |
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149 | (1) |
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Cell components in the MCFC |
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150 | (4) |
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Stack configuration and sealing |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (4) |
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161 | (3) |
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The Solid Oxide Fuel Cell |
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164 | (17) |
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164 | (2) |
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166 | (2) |
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Design and stacking arrangements for the SOFC |
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168 | (5) |
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173 | (2) |
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SOFC combined cycles, novel system designs and hybrid systems |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (4) |
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181 | (48) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (5) |
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182 | (2) |
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Petroleum in mixtures: Tar sands, oil shales, gas hydrates and LPG |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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The basics of fuel processing |
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188 | (13) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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Carbon formation and pre-reforming |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (2) |
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Direct hydrocarbon oxidation |
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197 | (1) |
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Partial oxidation and autothermal reforming |
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198 | (1) |
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Hydrogen generation by pyrolysis or thermal cracking of hydrocarbons |
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199 | (1) |
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Further fuel processing -- carbon monoxide removal |
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199 | (2) |
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Practical Fuel Processing -- Stationary Applications |
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201 | (6) |
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Natural gas fed PEMFC and PAFC plants with steam reformers |
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201 | (3) |
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Reformer and partial-oxidation designs |
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204 | (3) |
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Practical Fuel Processing -- Mobile Applications |
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207 | (5) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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Methanol CPO/autothermal reforming |
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210 | (101) |
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311 | (99) |
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212 | (17) |
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Introduction to the problem |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (2) |
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The storage of hydrogen as a compressed gas |
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216 | (2) |
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Storage of hydrogen as a liquid |
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218 | (3) |
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Reversible metal hydride hydrogen stores |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (3) |
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227 | (2) |
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Compressors, Turbines, Ejectors, Fans, Blowers and Pumps |
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229 | (22) |
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229 | (1) |
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Compressors -- Types Used |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (1) |
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Compressor Performance Charts |
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235 | (4) |
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Performance Charts for Centrifugal Compressors |
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239 | (1) |
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Compressor Selection -- Practical Issues |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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Delivering Fuel Cell Power |
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251 | (52) |
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251 | (1) |
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DC Regulation and Voltage Conversion |
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252 | (7) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (5) |
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259 | (10) |
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259 | (4) |
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263 | (3) |
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Regulatory issues and tariffs |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (12) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (3) |
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Switched reluctance motors |
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275 | (3) |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (1) |
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Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid Systems |
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281 | (5) |
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286 | (4) |
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290 | (3) |
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291 | (2) |
| Appendices |
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A1 Change in Molar Gibbs Free Energy Calculations |
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293 | (4) |
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293 | (2) |
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A1.2 The Carbon Monoxide Fuel Cell |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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A2 Useful Fuel Cell Equations |
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297 | (6) |
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297 | (1) |
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A2.2 Oxygen and Air Usage |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
| Index |
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303 | |