Fundamentals of Combustion Processes
by Mcallister, Sara; Chen, Jyn-yuan; Fernandez-pello, A. CarlosFormat: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2011-04-30
Publisher(s): Springer Nature
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Summary
Fundamentals of Combustion Processes is designed as a textbook for an upper-division undergraduate and graduate level combustion course in mechanical engineering. The authors focus on the fundamental theory of combustion and provide a simplified discussion of basic combustion parameters and processes such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, ignition, diffusion and pre-mixed flames. The text includes exploration of applications, example exercises, suggested homework problems and videos of laboratory demonstrations
Table of Contents
| Fuels | p. 1 |
| Types of Fuel | p. 1 |
| Fuel Usage | p. 5 |
| Basic Considerations of the Choice of Fuels | p. 6 |
| Classification of Fuels by Phase at Ambient Conditions | p. 8 |
| Identification of Fuel by Molecular Structure: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) | p. 9 |
| Some Related Properties of Liquid Fuels | p. 12 |
| Exercises | p. 13 |
| References | p. 13 |
| Thermodynamics of Combustion | p. 15 |
| Properties of Mixtures | p. 15 |
| Combustion Stoichiometry | p. 17 |
| Methods of Quantifying Fuel and Air Content of Combustible Mixtures | p. 19 |
| Heating Values | p. 23 |
| Determination of HHV for Combustion Processes at Constant Pressure | p. 24 |
| Determination of HHV for Combustion Processes from a Constant-Volume Reactor | p. 27 |
| Representative HHV Values | p. 29 |
| Adiabatic Fiame Temperature | p. 31 |
| Constant-Pressure Combustion Processes | p. 31 |
| Comparison of Adiabatic Flame Temperature Calculation Methods | p. 36 |
| Chapter Summary | p. 40 |
| Exercises | p. 44 |
| Chemical Kinetics | p. 49 |
| The Nature of Combustion Chemistry | p. 50 |
| Elementary Reactions: Chain Initiation | p. 51 |
| Elementary Reactions: Chain Branching | p. 51 |
| Elementary Reactions: Chain Terminating or Recombination | p. 52 |
| Elementary Reactions: Chain Propagating | p. 52 |
| Elementary Reaction Rate | p. 52 |
| Forward Reaction Rate and Rate Constants | p. 52 |
| Equilibrium Constants | p. 54 |
| Simplified Model of Combustion Chemistry | p. 55 |
| Global One-Step Reaction | p. 55 |
| Pressure Dependence of Rate of Progress | p. 61 |
| Heat Release Rate (HRR) | p. 61 |
| Modeling of Chemical Kinetics with Detailed Description | p. 61 |
| Partial Equilibrium | p. 65 |
| Quasi-Steady State | p. 65 |
| Exercises | p. 69 |
| References | p. 73 |
| Review of Transport Equations and Properties | p. 75 |
| Overview of Heat and Mass Transfer | p. 75 |
| Conservation of Mass and Species | p. 78 |
| Conservation of Momentum | p. 80 |
| Conservation of Energy | p. 80 |
| Terms in the Conservation of Energy Equation | p. 80 |
| Derivation of a 1-D Conservation of Energy Equation | p. 82 |
| Normalization of the Conservation Equations | p. 84 |
| Viscosity, Conductivity and Diffusivity | p. 87 |
| References | p. 88 |
| Ignition Phenomena | p. 89 |
| Autoignition (Self-ignition, Spontaneous Ignition) Based on Thermal Theory | p. 89 |
| Effect of Pressure on the Auto ignition Temperature | p. 93 |
| Piloted Ignition | p. 95 |
| Condensed Fuel Ignition | p. 98 |
| Fuel Vaporization | p. 98 |
| Important Physiochemical Properties | p. 99 |
| Characteristic Times in Condensed Fuel Ignition | p. 100 |
| Critical Heat Flux for Ignition | p. 106 |
| Exercises | p. 108 |
| References | p. 109 |
| Premixed Flames | p. 111 |
| Physical Processes in a Premixed Flame | p. 111 |
| Derivation of Flame Speed and Thickness | p. 113 |
| Measurements of the Flame Speed | p. 117 |
| Structure of Premixed Flames | p. 119 |
| Dependence of Flame Speed on Equivalence Ratio, Temperature and Pressure | p. 121 |
| Dependence of Flame Thickness on Equivalence Ratio, Temperature and Pressure | p. 125 |
| Flammability Limits | p. 125 |
| Effects of Temperature and Pressure on Flammability Limits | p. 127 |
| Flame Quenching | p. 127 |
| Minimum Energy for Sustained Ignition and Flame Propagation | p. 130 |
| Turbulent Premixed Flames | p. 133 |
| Eddy Diffusivity | p. 133 |
| Turbulent Flame Speed | p. 134 |
| Summary | p. 135 |
| Exercises | p. 136 |
| References | p. 137 |
| Non-premixed Flames (Diffusion Flames) | p. 139 |
| Description of a Candle Flame | p. 139 |
| Structure of Non-premixed Laminar Free Jet Flames | p. 140 |
| Laminar Jet Flame Height (Lf) | p. 142 |
| Empirical Correlations for Laminar Flame Height | p. 145 |
| Burke-Schumann Jet Diffusion Flame | p. 147 |
| Turbulent Jet Flames | p. 149 |
| Lift-Off Height (h) and Blowout Limit | p. 151 |
| Condensed Fuel Fires | p. 152 |
| Exercises | p. 153 |
| References | p. 154 |
| Droplet Evaporation and Combustion | p. 155 |
| Droplet Vaporization in Quiescent Air | p. 155 |
| Droplet Vaporization in Convective Flow | p. 159 |
| Droplet Combustion | p. 162 |
| Initial Heating of a Droplet | p. 164 |
| Effect of Air Temperature and Pressure | p. 166 |
| Droplet Distribution | p. 171 |
| Exercises | p. 174 |
| Reference | p. 175 |
| Emissions | p. 177 |
| Negative Effects of Combustion Products | p. 177 |
| Pollution Formation | p. 178 |
| Parameters Controlling Formation of Pollutants | p. 179 |
| CO Oxidation | p. 182 |
| Mechanisms for NO Formation | p. 183 |
| Controlling NO Formation | p. 189 |
| Soot Formation | p. 190 |
| Relation Between NO* and Soot Formation | p. 191 |
| Oxides of Sulfur (SOx) | p. 193 |
| Quantification of Emissions | p. 193 |
| Exercises | p. 196 |
| References | p. 198 |
| Premixed Piston IC Engines | p. 199 |
| Principles of SI Engines | p. 199 |
| Thermodynamic Analysis | p. 201 |
| Relationship between Pressure Trace and Heat Release | p. 206 |
| Octane Number | p. 207 |
| Deanition of Octane Rating | p. 207 |
| Measurement Methods | p. 208 |
| Fuel Preparation | p. 210 |
| Ignition Timing | p. 213 |
| Flame Propagation in SI Engines | p. 214 |
| Modeling of Combustion Processes in IC Engines | p. 215 |
| A Simplified Two-Zone Model of Engine Combustion | p. 216 |
| Emissions and Their Control | p. 219 |
| Three-Way Catalyst | p. 220 |
| Gasoline Direct Injection (Gdi) Engines | p. 221 |
| Exercises | p. 224 |
| References | p. 226 |
| Diesel Engines | p. 227 |
| Overall Comparisons to SI Engines | p. 227 |
| Advantages of Diesel Engines as Compared to SI Engines | p. 228 |
| Disadvantages of Diesel Engines as Compared to SI Engines | p. 228 |
| Thermodynamics of Diesel Engines | p. 229 |
| Diesel Spray and Combustion | p. 230 |
| Cetane Number | p. 235 |
| Diesel Emissions | p. 237 |
| Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (Hcci) | p. 238 |
| HcciI Overview | p. 238 |
| Hcci Emissions | p. 238 |
| Challenges with Hcci | p. 240 |
| p. 241 | |
| Appendices | p. 243 |
| Index | p. 299 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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