Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences,9780072390544

Fundamentals of Thermal-Fluid Sciences

by ;
ISBN13: 9780072390544
ISBN10: 0072390549
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2001-07-01
Publisher(s): McGraw-Hill College
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Author Biography

Robert H. Turner is Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Nevada, Reno (UNR).

Table of Contents

Preface xxv
Nomenclature xxxiii
Introduction and Overview
1(32)
Introduction to Thermal-Fluid Sciences
2(1)
Thermodynamics
3(1)
Heat Transfer
4(3)
Fluid Mechanics
7(1)
A Note on Dimensions and Units
8(5)
Closed and Open Systems
13(1)
Properties of a System
14(1)
Solving Engineering Problems
15(3)
Problem Solving Technique
18(3)
Conservation of Mass Principle
21(5)
Summary
26(7)
References and Suggested Reading
27(1)
Problems
28(5)
PART I THERMODYNAMICS 33(376)
Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics
35(34)
State and Equilibrium
36(1)
Processes and Cycles
37(1)
Forms of Energy
38(4)
Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
42(4)
Pressure
46(5)
The Manometer
51(3)
Barometer and the Atmospheric Pressure
54(2)
Summary
56(13)
References and Suggested Reading
57(1)
Problems
58(11)
Properties of Pure Substances
69(58)
Pure Substance
70(1)
Phases of a Pure Substance
70(1)
Phase-Change Processes of Pure Substances
71(5)
Property Diagrams for Phase-Change Processes
76(7)
Vapor Pressure and Phase Equilibrium
83(3)
Property Tables
86(10)
The Ideal-Gas Equation of State
96(5)
Other Equations of State
101(4)
Specific Heats
105(1)
Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of Ideal Gases
106(5)
Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of Solids and Liquids
111(2)
Summary
113(14)
References and Suggested Reading
115(1)
Problems
115(12)
Energy Transfer by Heat, Work, and Mass
127(26)
Heat Transfer
128(1)
Energy Transfer by Work
129(3)
Mechanical Forms of Work
132(10)
Nonmechanical Forms of Work
142(1)
Flow Work and the Energy of a Flowing Fluid
142(3)
Summary
145(8)
References and Suggested Reading
146(1)
Problems
146(7)
The First Law of Thermodynamics
153(64)
The First Law of Thermodynamics
154(4)
Energy Balance for Closed Systems
158(11)
Energy Balance for Steady-Flow Systems
169(4)
Some Steady-Flow Engineering Devices
173(12)
Energy Balance for Unsteady-Flow Processes
185(5)
Summary
190(27)
References and Suggested Reading
192(1)
Problems
192(25)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
217(60)
Introduction to the Second Law
218(1)
Thermal Energy Reservoirs
219(1)
Heat Engines
219(6)
Energy Conversion Efficiencies
225(4)
Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
229(6)
Perpetual-Motion Machines
235(2)
Reversible and Irreversible Processes
237(3)
The Carnot Cycle
240(2)
The Carnot Principles
242(2)
The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
244(2)
The Carnot Heat Engine
246(3)
The Carnot Refrigerator and Heat Pump
249(2)
Household Refrigerators
251(4)
Summary
255(22)
References and Suggested Reading
257(1)
Problems
257(20)
Entropy
277(58)
Entropy
278(3)
The Increase of Entropy Principle
281(3)
Entropy Change of Pure Substances
284(4)
Isentropic Processes
288(1)
Property Diagrams Involving Entropy
289(2)
What Is Entropy?
291(3)
The T ds Relations
294(2)
Entropy Change of Liquids and Solids
296(3)
The Entropy Change of Ideal Gases
299(6)
Reversible Steady-Flow Work
305(4)
Minimizing the Compressor Work
309(4)
Isentropic Efficiencies of Steady-Flow Devices
313(6)
Summary
319(16)
References and Suggested Reading
322(1)
Problems
322(13)
Power and Refrigeration Cycles
335(74)
Basic Considerations in the Analysis of Power Cycles
336(2)
Carnot Cycle and Its Value in Engineering
338(1)
Air-Standard Assumptions
339(1)
An Overview of Reciprocating Engines
340(2)
Otto Cycle
342(5)
Diesel Cycle
347(3)
Brayton Cycle
350(7)
The Brayton Cycle with Regeneration
357(2)
The Carnot Vapor Cycle
359(1)
Rankine Cycle
360(4)
Deviation of Actual Vapor Power Cycles from Idealized Ones
364(2)
How Can We Increase the Efficiency of the Rankine Cycle?
366(4)
The Ideal Reheat Rankine Cycle
370(3)
Refrigerators and Heat Pumps
373(2)
The Reversed Carnot Cycle
375(1)
The Ideal Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle
376(4)
Actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycles
380(2)
Heat Pump Systems
382(2)
Summary
384(25)
References and Suggested Reading
386(1)
Problems
387(22)
PART II FLUID MECHANICS 409(192)
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics
411(16)
Classification of Fluid Flows
412(2)
Behavior of Fluids Passing Solid Walls
414(1)
History of Fluid Mechanics
414(1)
Viscosity
415(3)
Surface Tension and Capillary Effect
418(5)
Summary
423(4)
References and Suggested Reading
424(1)
Problems
424(3)
Fluid Statics
427(22)
Introduction
428(1)
Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Plane Surfaces
428(6)
Hydrostatic Forces on Submerged Curved Surfaces
434(3)
Buoyancy and Stability
437(5)
Summary
442(7)
References and Suggested Reading
443(1)
Problems
443(6)
Bernoulli, Energy, and Momentum Equations
449(60)
Mechanical Energy and Pump Efficiency
450(4)
The Bernoulli Equation
454(8)
Applications of the Bernoulli Equation
462(6)
Energy Equation for Flow Systems
468(8)
The Reynolds Transport Theorem
476(5)
The Linear Momentum Equation
481(10)
Summary
491(18)
References and Suggested Reading
493(1)
Problems
493(16)
Flow in Pipes
509(44)
Introduction
510(1)
Laminar and Turbulent Flow
511(3)
Fully Developed Laminar Flow in Pipes
514(6)
Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Pipes
520(6)
Minor Losses
526(6)
Piping Networks and Pump Selection
532(7)
Summary
539(14)
References and Suggested Reading
541(1)
Problems
541(12)
Flow Over Bodies: Drag and Lift
553(48)
Introduction
554(2)
Drag and Lift
556(4)
Friction and Pressure Drag
560(4)
Drag Coefficients of Common Geometries
564(7)
Flow Over Flat Plates
571(4)
Flow Across Cylinders and Spheres
575(3)
Lift
578(10)
Summary
588(13)
References and Suggested Reading
590(1)
Problems
591(10)
PART III HEAT TRANSFER 601(426)
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer
603(26)
Introduction
604(1)
Conduction
604(2)
Thermal Conductivity
606(5)
Convection
611(2)
Radiation
613(2)
Simultaneous Heat Transfer Mechanisms
615(5)
Summary
620(9)
References and Suggested Reading
621(1)
Problems
621(8)
Steady Heat Conduction
629(70)
Steady Heat Conduction in Plane Walls
630(9)
Thermal Contact Resistance
639(4)
Generalized Thermal Resistance Networks
643(3)
Heat Conduction in Cylinders and Spheres
646(6)
Critical Radius of Insulation
652(3)
Thermal Insulation
655(9)
Heat Transfer from Finned Surfaces
664(14)
Summary
678(21)
References and Suggested Reading
681(1)
Problems
682(17)
Transient Heat Conduction
699(42)
Lumped System Analysis
700(5)
Transient Heat Conduction in Large Plane Walls, Long Cylinders, and Spheres
705(11)
Transient Heat Conduction in Semi-infinite Solids
716(3)
Transient Heat Conduction in Multidimensional Systems
719(7)
Summary
726(15)
References and Suggested Reading
728(1)
Problems
728(13)
Forced Convection
741(42)
Physical Mechanism of Forced Convection
742(2)
Thermal Boundary Layer
744(1)
Flow Over Flat Plates
745(6)
Flow Across Cylinders and Spheres
751(4)
General Considerations for Flow in Pipes
755(4)
Thermal Entry Length
759(1)
Forced Convection in Pipe Flow
760(8)
Summary
768(15)
References and Suggested Reading
769(1)
Problems
770(13)
Natural Convection
783(32)
Physical Mechanism of Natural Convection
784(3)
Natural Convection Over Surfaces
787(5)
Natural Convection Inside Enclosures
792(7)
Combined Natural and Forced Convection
799(2)
Summary
801(14)
References and Suggested Reading
802(1)
Problems
803(12)
Radiation Heat Transfer
815(66)
Introduction
816(1)
Thermal Radiation
817(2)
Blackbody Radiation
819(6)
Radiation Properties
825(7)
Atmospheric and Solar Radiation
832(5)
The View Factor
837(12)
Radiation Heat Transfer: Black Surfaces
849(2)
Radiation Heat Transfer: Diffuse, Gray Surfaces
851(11)
Radiation Shields and the Radiation Effect
862(3)
Summary
865(16)
References and Suggested Reading
868(1)
Problems
869(12)
Heat Exchangers
881(146)
Types of Heat Exchangers
882(3)
The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
885(7)
Analysis of Heat Exchangers
892(2)
The Log Mean Temperature Difference Method
894(8)
The Effectiveness-NTU Method
902(10)
Selection of Heat Exchangers
912(3)
Summary
915(14)
References and Suggested Reading
917(1)
Problems
918(11)
PART IV APPENDIXES
Appendix 1 Property Tables and Charts (SI Units)
929(46)
Table A-1 Molar Mass, Gas Constant, and Critical-Point Properties
930(1)
Table A-2 Ideal-Gas Specific Heats of Various Common Gases
931(3)
Table A-3 Properties of Common Liquids, Solids, and Foods
934(2)
Table A-4 Saturated Water-Temperature Table
936(2)
Table A-5 Saturated Water-Pressure Table
938(2)
Table A-6 Superheated Water
940(4)
Table A-7 Compressed Liquid Water
944(1)
Table A-8 Saturated Ice-Water Vapor
945(1)
Table A-9 T-s Diagram for Water
946(1)
Table A-10 Mollier Diagram for Water
947(1)
Table A-11 Saturated Refrigerant-134a-Temperature Table
948(1)
Table A-12 Saturated Refrigerant-134a-Pressure Table
949(1)
Table A-13 Superheated Refrigerant-134a
950(2)
Table A-14 P-h Diagram for Refrigerant-134a
952(1)
Table A-15 Properties of Saturated Water
953(2)
Table A-16 Properties of Liquids
955(1)
Table A-17 Ideal-Gas Properties of Air
956(2)
Table A-18 Properties of Gases at 1 atm Pressure
958(4)
Table A-19 Properties of Solid Metals
962(3)
Table A-20 Properties of Solid Nonmetals
965(1)
Table A-21 Properties of Building Materials
966(2)
Table A-22 Properties of Insulating Materials
968(1)
Table A-23 Properties of Miscellaneous Materials
969(1)
Table A-24 Emissivities of Surfaces
970(2)
Table A-25 Solar Radiative Properties of Materials
972(1)
Table A-26 Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude
973(1)
Table A-27 The Moody Chart for the Friction Factor for Fully Developed Flow in Circular Tubes
974(1)
Appendix 2 Property Tables and Charts (English Units)
975(40)
Table A-1E Molar Mass, Gas Constant, and Critical-Point Properties
976(1)
Table A-2E Ideal-Gas Specific Heats of Various Common Gases
977(3)
Table A-3E Properties of Common Liquids, Solids, and Foods
980(2)
Table A-4E Saturated Water-Temperature Table
982(1)
Table A-5E Saturated Water-Pressure Table
983(2)
Table A-6E Superheated Water
985(4)
Table A-7E Compressed Liquid Water
989(1)
Table A-8E Saturated Ice-Water Vapor
990(1)
Table A-9E T-s Diagram for Water
991(1)
Table A-10E Mollier Diagram for Water
992(1)
Table A-11E Saturated Refrigerant-134a-Temperature Table
993(1)
Table A-12E Saturated Refrigerant-134a-Pressure Table
994(1)
Table A-13E Superheated Refrigerant-134a
995(2)
Table A-14E P-h Diagram for Refrigerant-134a
997(1)
Table A-15E Properties of Saturated Water
998(2)
Table A-16E Properties of Liquids
1000(1)
Table A-17E Ideal-Gas Properties of Air
1001(2)
Table A-18E Properties of Gases at 1 atm Pressure
1003(2)
Table A-19E Properties of Solid Metals
1005(3)
Table A-20E Properties of Solid Nonmetals
1008(1)
Table A-21E Properties of Building Materials
1009(2)
Table A-22E Properties of Insulating Materials
1011(1)
Table A-23E Properties of Miscellaneous Materials
1012(1)
Table A-26E Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude
1013(2)
Appendix 3 Introduction to ees
1015(12)
Index 1027

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