Handbook of Seed Science and Technology,9781560223153

Handbook of Seed Science and Technology

by ;
ISBN13: 9781560223153
ISBN10: 1560223154
Format: Nonspecific Binding
Pub. Date: 2006-05-08
Publisher(s): CRC Press
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Summary

Seed science is the all-important foundation of plant science study. The

Table of Contents

About the Editor xiii
Contributors xv
SECTION I: SEED DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Molecular Control of Ovule Development
3(24)
Sureshkumar Balasubramanian
Kay Schneitz
Introduction
3(1)
What Are Ovules?
4(1)
Emergence of the Ovule As a Model to Study Organogenesis
4(3)
Ovule Specification
7(1)
Initiation/Outgrowth of the Ovule Primordia
8(1)
Pattern Formation
9(8)
Cell-Cell Communications During Ovule Development
17(1)
Morphogenesis
18(2)
Perspectives
20(7)
Female Gametophyte Development
27(36)
Wei-Cai Yang
Introduction
27(1)
Organization of the Female Gametophyte
28(4)
Archesporial Cell Formation
32(1)
Megasporogenesis
33(5)
Formation of the Functional Megaspore
38(3)
Megagametogenesis
41(10)
The Female Germ Unit
51(1)
Genetic Control of Megagametophyte Development
52(2)
Conclusions and Perspectives
54(9)
Cytokinins and Seed Development
63(32)
Neil Emery
Craig Atkins
Introduction
63(1)
Cytokinin Biosynthesis in Plants
64(4)
Discovery and Characterization of CKs in Developing Seeds
68(1)
Sources of Cytokinin in Seeds
69(2)
Developing Seeds: A Rich Mine of Cytokinin Enzymes
71(4)
Biological Activity of Cytokinin in Developing Seeds
75(7)
Can CK Content Be Manipulated to Alter Grain Development?
82(3)
Molecular Basis of a Signaling Role for Cytokinins
85(1)
Future Prospects
86(9)
Grain Number Determination in Major Grain Crops
95(30)
Gustavo A. Slafer
Fernanda G. Gonzalez
Adriana G. Kantolic
Elena M. Whitechurch
L. Gabriela Abeledo
Daniel J. Miralles
Roxana Savin
Introduction
95(1)
Grain Number Determination
96(9)
Extrapolations to Other Major Crops
105(9)
Concluding Remarks
114(11)
Carbon Partitioning in Developing Seed
125(28)
Yong-Ling Ruan
Prem S. Chourey
Introduction
125(1)
Seed Anatomy and Cellular Pathway of Sugar Transport
126(5)
Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Carbon Partitioning
131(4)
Key Genes Controlling Carbon Partitioning in Seeds
135(11)
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
146(7)
Metabolic Engineering of Carbohydrate Supply in Plant Reproductive Development
153(18)
Marc Goetz
Thomas Roitsch
The Impact of Plant Reproduction Events on Agriculture
153(1)
The Role of the Tapetum in Male Gametophyle Development
154(1)
Strategies to Generate Male Sterility in Plants
155(1)
Importance of Carbohydrates in Plant Growth and Development
155(2)
Carbohydrate Supply and Male Sterility
157(7)
Future Perspectives
164(7)
Enhancing the Nutritive Value of Seeds by Genetic Engineering
171(24)
N. D. Hagan
T. J. V. Higgins
Enhancing the Nutritive Value of Seed Protein
171(6)
Enhancing the Fatty Acid Content of Seeds
177(4)
Enhancing the Vitamin and Mineral Content of Seeds
181(5)
Current Limitations
186(1)
Conclusions
187(8)
The Process of Accumulation of Seed Proteins and the Prospects for Using Biotechnology to Improve Crops
195(32)
Eliot M. Herman
Introduction
195(1)
Synthesis and Accumulation of Seed Proteins
195(1)
The Protein Storage Vacuole
196(7)
Protein Bodies
203(3)
Biotechnology to Study and Change Seed Proteins
206(2)
Identifying and Altering Molecular-Based Traits in Seeds
208(19)
Synthetic Seed Technology
227(44)
P. Suprasanna
T. R. Ganapathi
V. A. Bapat
Introduction
227(2)
Encapsulation Methods
229(7)
Different Propagules Used for Synthetic Seeds
236(5)
Applications
241(4)
Case Studies
245(8)
Critical Considerations
253(4)
Limitations and Prospects
257(14)
SECTION II: SEED DORMANCY AND GERMINATION
Dormancy and Germination
271(32)
Henk W. M. Hilhorst
Leonie Bentsink
Maarten Koornneef
Introduction
271(2)
The Regulation of Dormancy and Germination: A Mutant Approach
273(10)
Dormancy and Germination: Mechanisms
283(7)
Prospects and Challenges
290(13)
Hormonal Interactions During Seed Dormancy Release and Germination
303(40)
Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
Introduction
303(2)
Abscisic Acid (ABA): A Positive Regulator of Dormancy Induction and Maintenance, a Negative Regulator of Germination
305(7)
Gibberellins Release Dormancy, Promote Germination, and Counteract ABA Effects
312(7)
Ethylene Promotes Seed Germination and counteracts ABA Effects on Seeds
319(5)
Brassinosteroids Promote Seed Germination
324(3)
Cytokinins and Auxins
327(1)
Conclusions and Perspectives
328(15)
Photoregulation of Seed Germination
343(26)
Chizuko Shichijo
Osamu Tanaka
Tohru Hashimoto
Introduction
343(4)
Phytochromes
347(6)
Action Modes (LFR, VLFR, and HIR) of Phytochromes in Seed Germination
353(5)
Multiple Modes of Seed Germination and Explanation by Action Modes of Phytochromes
358(11)
SECTION III: SEED ECOLOGY
Competition for Pollination and Seed Set
369(28)
Beverly J. Brown
Introduction
369(5)
Pollen Quantity
374(6)
Pollen Quality
380(17)
Seed Size
397(32)
Jorge Castro
Jose A. Hodar
Jose M. Gomez
Introduction
397(1)
Setting Terminology
398(1)
Seed Mass Variability
399(1)
Seed-Size Determination
399(6)
Dispersal
405(1)
Depredation
406(1)
Germination
407(1)
Seedling Performance
408(3)
Habitat Type and Plant Traits
411(1)
Seed-Size Evolution
412(2)
Seed Size and Global Change
414(1)
Humans and Seed Size
415(14)
Seed Predation
429(22)
Jose M. Serrano
Juan A. Delgado
Introduction
429(2)
Defending Seeds
431(4)
A Hierarchical Perspective
435(5)
The Case of Cistus ladanifer L.
440(11)
Natural Defense Mechanisms in Seeds
451(24)
Gregory E. Welbaum
Introduction
451(1)
Seed Defense Mechanisms
452(12)
Summary
464(11)
Seed Protease Inhibitors
475(26)
A. M. Harsulkar
A. P. Giri
V. V. Deshpande
V. S. Gupta
M. N. Sainani
P. K. Ranjekar
Introduction
475(2)
Protease Inhibitors
477(3)
Expression of Protease Inhibitors in Seeds
480(5)
Biological Role of Protease Inhibitors
485(4)
Protease Inhibitor Transgenic Plants for Pest Control
489(1)
Conclusions
490(11)
Soil Seed Banks
501(20)
A. J. Murdoch
What Is the Soil Seed Bank?
501(1)
Functions of Soil Seed Banks
502(1)
Prerequisites for a Seed Bank
503(3)
How Many Seeds Are in the Soil?
506(4)
What Types of Seeds Are in the Soil?
510(1)
Where Does the Seed Bank Come From?
510(1)
What Happens to the Soil Seed Bank?
511(5)
Impacts on Weed Management
516(5)
The Ecophysiological Basis of Weed Seed Longevity in the Soil
521(40)
R. S. Gallagher
E. P. Fuerst
Introduction
521(1)
Conceptual Model for Seed Longevity
522(2)
Resource Allocation to Seed
524(3)
Seed Dormancy
527(9)
Role of Seed Vigor
536(6)
Microbial Seed Decay
542(5)
Implications for Seed Bank Management
547(1)
Implications for Future Research
548(13)
SECTION IV: SEED TECHNOLOGY
Seed Quality Testing
561(42)
Sabry Elias
Introduction
561(1)
What Is Seed Quality?
561(3)
Is Testing the Quality of Seed Really Important?
564(2)
Seed Purity Testing
566(10)
Seed Viability Testing
576(10)
Testing for Special Seed Attributes
586(4)
Seed Vigor Testing
590(1)
Pathological Testing of Seed
590(4)
Testing Genetically Modified Seeds
594(1)
Quality Assurance in Seed Testing
595(2)
Seed Quality Testing and Seed Certification
597(1)
Seed Testing Organizations
598(5)
Seed Vigor and Its Assessment
603(46)
Alison A. Powell
Concept of Seed Vigor
603(3)
Causes of Differences in Seed Vigor
606(12)
Assessment of Seed Vigor
618(13)
Standardization of Vigor Test Procedures
631(1)
Current Status of Vigor Testing
632(1)
Presentation and Interpretation of Vigor Tests
633(2)
Application of Vigor Tests
635(1)
Conclusions
636(13)
Diagnosis of Seedborne Pathogens
649(28)
Emily Taylor
Jayne Bates
David Jaccoud
Introduction
649(2)
Conventional Seed Health Diagnostic Methods
651(8)
Molecular Methods for Seed Health Testing
659(11)
Conclusions
670(7)
Seed Quality in Vegetable Crops
677(26)
S. D. Doijode
Introduction
677(2)
Factors Affecting Seed Quality
679(7)
Improvement of Seed Quality
686(4)
Maintenance of Seed Quality
690(4)
Revival of Seed Quality
694(2)
Conclusion
696(7)
Vegetable Hybrid Seed Production in the World
703(15)
David Tay
Introduction
703(2)
The Gene-Control Pollination FI Vegetable Seed Production System
705(1)
The Hand-Pollinated FI Vegetable Seed Production System
705(1)
Distribution of FI Vegetable Seed Production in the World
706(2)
Development of Hand-Pollinated Hybrid Vegetable Seed Production in the World
708(5)
FI Hybrid Vegetable Seed Production: A Case Study on Tomato in Taiwan
713(5)
Future of Hand-Pollinated FI Vegetable Hybrid Seed Production
718(1)
Practical Hydration of Seeds of Tropical Crops: ``On-Farm'' Seed Priming
718(13)
D. Harris
A. Mottram
Seed Technology in Plant Germplasm Conservation
731(18)
David Tay
Introduction
731(2)
Seed Science and Technology in Gene Banks
733(4)
Gene-Bank Management System
737(7)
Basic Gene-Bank Design
744(1)
Gene-Bank Research Program
745(4)
Index 749

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