PREFACE. |
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GLOSSARY OF SYMBOLS AND TERMS. |
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1 INTRODUCTION. |
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1.1 The “General Elution Problem” and the Need for Gradient Elution. |
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1.2 Other Reasons for the Use of Gradient Elution. |
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1.4 Similarity of Isocratic and Gradient Elution. |
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1.6 Sample Classification. |
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2 GRADIENT ELUTION FUNDAMENTALS. |
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2.1 Isocratic Separation. |
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2.3 Effect of Gradient Conditions on Separation. |
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3 METHOD DEVELOPMENT. |
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3.1 A Systematic Approach to Method Development. |
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3.3 Developing a Gradient Separation: Resolution versus Conditions. |
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3.5 Method Reproducibility and Related Topics. |
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3.6 Additional Means for an Increase in Separation Selectivity. |
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3.7 Orthogonal Separations. |
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4 GRADIENT EQUIPMENT. |
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4.1 Gradient System Design. |
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4.2 General Considerations in System Selection. |
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4.3 Measuring Gradient System Performance. |
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4.4 Dwell Volume Considerations. |
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5 SEPARATION ARTIFACTS AND TROUBLESHOOTING. |
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5.3 Column Equilibration. |
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5.4 Separation Artifacts. |
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6 SEPARATION OF LARGE MOLECULES. |
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6.1 General Considerations. |
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7 PREPARATIVE SEPARATIONS. |
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7.2 Isocratic Separation. |
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7.4 Severely Overloaded Separation. |
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8 OTHER APPLICATIONS OF GRADIENT ELUTION. |
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8.1 Gradient Elution for LC-MS. |
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8.2 Ion-Exchange Chromatography. |
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8.3 Normal-Phase Chromatography. |
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8.4 Ternary- or Quaternary-Solvent Gradients. |
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9 THEORY AND DERIVATIONS. |
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9.1 The Linear Solvent Strength Model. |
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9.2 Second-Order Effects. |
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9.3. Accuracy of Gradient Elution Predictions. |
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9.5 Values of N in Gradient Elution. |
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Appendix I: THE CONSTANT-S APPROXIMATION IN GRADIENT ELUTION. |
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Appendix II: ESTIMATION OF CONDITIONS FOR ISOCRATIC ELUTION, BASED ON AN INITIAL GRADIENT RUN. |
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Appendix III: CHARACTERIZATION OF REVERSED-PHASE COLUMNS FOR SELECTIVITY AND PEAK TAILING. |
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Appendix IV: SOLVENT PROPERTIES RELEVANT TO THE USE OF GRADIENT ELUTION. |
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Appendix V: THEORY OF PREPARATIVE SEPARATION. |
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Appendix VI FURTHER INFORMATION ON VIRUS CHROMATOGRAPHY. |
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