Homemaker Home Health Aide,9781401831394

Homemaker Home Health Aide

by ;
Edition: 6th
ISBN13: 9781401831394
ISBN10: 1401831397
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-05-27
Publisher(s): Cengage Learning
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Summary

Homemaker/Home Health Aide, 6th Edition is a comprehensive resource designed for use in initial training programs for home health aides, and as a reference in required continuing education courses. The practical applications of procedures required by OBRA are included in each unit. This book is designed to train new individuals entering the field for the first time, and practicing home health aides to be caring, dedicated, and skilled paraprofessionals. The role of the home health aide as a valuable member of the health care team is emphasized. CD-Rom that Accompanies Homemaker Home Health Aide, 6E includes an Overview, Highlights and Summary for each unit, Flash Cards with vocabulary words, Quizzes and Quiz Score Reports.

Table of Contents

List of Procedures
xix
Preface xxi
Features of This Book xxviii
How to Use the Practice Software CD-ROM xxx
Basic Skills for the Home Care Aides DVD Series xxxiii
SECTION 1 Becoming a Home Health Aide
1(73)
Home Health Services
2(11)
The Development of Home Health Services
3(1)
Increase in Need for Home Care Services
4(1)
Types of Home Care Workers
4(3)
The Health Care Team
5(2)
Health Care Workplaces Outside the Hospital or Long-Term Care Facility
7(1)
Adult Day Care Centers
7(1)
Assisted Living Facility
7(1)
Homemaker/Home Care Agencies
7(1)
Home Health Care Agencies
8(1)
Self-Employment
8(1)
Reimbursement Issues Influencing Health Care
8(2)
Medicare
8(1)
Medicaid
9(1)
Long-Term Care Insurance
9(1)
Managed Care
9(1)
The Client
10(3)
Home Health Aide Responsibilities and Legal Rights
13(14)
Skills and Qualities of the Home Health Aide
14(1)
Responsibilities of the Home Health Aide
14(3)
Ability to Follow Instructions
15(1)
Willingness to Follow Instructions
16(1)
Constructive Criticism
16(1)
Legal Terms
16(1)
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)
17(1)
Situations for Home Health Aides to Avoid
17(1)
Organizational Skills
18(1)
Interpersonal Skills
19(2)
Good Personal Health and Hygiene
21(1)
Guidelines for Personal Appearance of the Home Health Aide
21(1)
Ethical Behavior
22(1)
Ethical Standards
22(1)
Professional Standards
22(1)
Client's Rights
22(1)
Home Health Aide's Rights
23(1)
Client Abuse
24(3)
Developing Effective Communication Skills and Documentation
27(18)
Cultural Diversity
28(1)
Stressful Conditions in the Home
28(1)
Communication in the Workplace
29(1)
Send a Clear Message
29(1)
Observation
30(1)
Positive Feedback
30(1)
Putting Thoughts into Words
30(1)
Message Delivery
31(1)
Receiving Messages
32(1)
Barriers to the Communication Process
33(2)
Not Listening
34(1)
Changing the Subject
34(1)
Using Cliches or Platitudes
34(1)
Giving Advice
34(1)
Talking About Yourself
34(1)
Showing Disapproval and Passing Judgment on the Client
34(1)
Asking ``Why'' Questions
34(1)
Effective Listening Skills
35(1)
Active Listening Behaviors
35(1)
Paraphrasing
35(1)
Reflecting the Speaker's Feelings
35(1)
Asking for More Information
35(1)
Using Nonverbal Communication
35(1)
Observation Skills
36(1)
Reporting
37(1)
Documenting
37(3)
Answering the Telephone
40(1)
Assessment and Admission
41(4)
Plan of Care
41(4)
Safety
45(13)
Common Hazards
46(3)
Falls and Risks
46(3)
Risks for Burns
49(4)
Fire
49(4)
Safety Checklist
53(1)
Tips for Handling Oxygen Equipment
54(1)
Tips for Home Safety with Client with Dementia
54(1)
Safety Outside the Client's Home
55(3)
Do's and Don'ts
55(1)
Safety When Walking
55(1)
Safety When Driving
55(1)
Buses and Subways
55(3)
Homemaking Service
58(16)
Household Management
59(1)
Planning and Organization
59(1)
Basic Cleaning Supplies
60(1)
Combining Client Care and Household Tasks
60(1)
Maintaining a Clean Home Environment
60(1)
Doing the Client's Laundry
61(1)
Sorting Laundry
61(1)
Loading the Washing Machine
61(1)
Drying Clothes
62(1)
Ironing
62(1)
Cleaning the Bathroom
62(1)
Cleaning the Kitchen
63(1)
Dishes
63(1)
Cleaning Kitchen Countertops
63(1)
Cleaning Vinyl Floors
63(1)
Cleaning Ceramic Floors
63(1)
Cleaning Exterior of Cabinets
64(1)
Cleaning Safety Tips
64(1)
Cleaning Tasks if There Are Pets in the House
64(1)
Daily Cleaning Tasks
64(1)
Weekly Cleaning Tasks
64(1)
Periodic Cleaning Tasks
65(1)
Variables When Changing Bed Linens
65(3)
Linens
66(1)
Guidelines for Bedmaking
66(1)
Bed Terminology
67(1)
Procedure 1 Changing an Unoccupied Bed
68(3)
Procedure 2 Changing an Occupied Bed
71(3)
SECTION 2 Stages of Human Development
74(41)
Infancy to Adolescence
75(15)
Becoming a Family
76(1)
Pregnancy
76(1)
Labor and Delivery
76(1)
Normal Infant Growth and Development
76(1)
Normal Weight Gain
77(1)
Health Problems in Infancy and Early Childhood
77(3)
Common Childhood Illnesses
80(1)
Coxsackievirus--Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
80(1)
Strep Throat
80(1)
Pinkeye--Bacterial Conjunctivitis
80(1)
Croup
80(1)
Influenza
80(1)
Rotavirus (Diarrhea/Vomiting)
80(1)
Otitis Media (Middle Ear Infection)
80(1)
Developmental Disabilities and Learning Disorders
80(1)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
81(1)
Autism
81(1)
Responsibilities of the Home Health Aide
81(1)
Handling Visitors
81(1)
Toddlers and Preschoolers
82(2)
Safety
83(1)
School-Aged Children
84(1)
Adolescence
84(2)
Physical Changes in Puberty
84(1)
The Teen Years
84(1)
Common Health Problems in Adolescence
85(1)
Child Abuse, Maltreatment, and Neglect
86(4)
Early and Middle Adulthood
90(7)
Early Adulthood
91(1)
Early Adulthood Adjustments
91(1)
Preventive Health Measures for Women
91(1)
Preventive Health Measures for Men
92(1)
Middle Adulthood
92(5)
Middle Adulthood Adjustments
93(1)
Leisure-Time Activity
93(1)
Illness and Disability
94(1)
Emotional Needs
95(2)
Older Adulthood
97(18)
The Aging Population
98(2)
Increase in Number
98(1)
Developmental Tasks of Older Adults
98(1)
Aging Well Characteristics
98(1)
Depression
99(1)
Leisure-Time Activities
99(1)
Physical Changes Due to the Aging Process
100(2)
Ear Changes
100(2)
Procedure 3 Inserting a Hearing Aid
102(2)
Vision Changes
102(2)
Procedure 4 Caring for an Artificial Eye
104(4)
Common Diseases of the Eye
105(1)
Digestive System Changes
105(1)
Urinary System Changes
105(1)
Immune System Changes
106(1)
Musculoskeletal Changes
106(1)
Reproductive System Changes
106(1)
Integumentary (Skin) System Changes
107(1)
Endocrine System Changes
107(1)
Respiratory System Changes
107(1)
Circulatory System Changes
108(1)
Nervous System Changes
108(1)
Changes in Sleep Patterns
108(1)
Pain
108(1)
Medication
108(4)
Procedure 5 Assisting the Client with Self-Administered Medications
112(3)
SECTION 3 Preventing the Spread of Infectious Disease
115(26)
Principles of Infection Control
116(25)
Infectious Disease
117(1)
The Chain of Infection
117(1)
Causes of Physical Illnesses
117(3)
Controlling the Spread of Illness
120(2)
Agency Requirements
122(1)
Infection Control Measures
122(1)
Procedure 6 Handwashing
123(1)
Standard Precautions
124(1)
Transmission-Based Precautions
124(3)
Antibiotic-Resistant Organisms
126(1)
Procedure 7 Gloving
127(2)
Procedure 8 Putting On and Removing Personal Protective Equipment
129(2)
Collecting a Specimen From a Client on Transmission-Based Precautions
131(1)
Procedure 9 Collecting Specimen from Client on Transmission-Based Precautions
131(2)
Tuberculosis
132(1)
Hepatitis
132(1)
AIDS
133(8)
How to Protect Against AIDS
136(1)
Caring for the AIDS Client
136(1)
What a Home Health Aide Can and Should Do
136(5)
SECTION 4 Understanding Health
141(34)
From Wellness to Illness
142(25)
The Remarkable Body
143(1)
Internal Health
144(3)
Internal Disorders
144(1)
Emotional Disorders
144(3)
Observing Signs and Symptoms
147(1)
Vital Signs
147(2)
Temperature
147(1)
Pulse and Respiratory Rates
147(2)
Procedure 10 Taking a Tympanic (Ear) Temperature
149(2)
Procedure 11 Taking an Oral Temperature (Digital Thermometer)
151(1)
Procedure 12 Taking an Axillary Temperature
152(1)
Procedure 13 Taking a Rectal Temperature (Digital Thermometer)
152(2)
Procedure 14 Taking a Radial Pulse
154(1)
Procedure 15 Taking an Apical Pulse
154(2)
Apical-Radial Pulse
155(1)
Procedure 16 Counting Respirations
156(1)
Procedure 17 Taking Blood Pressure
157(3)
Levels of Consciousness
160(1)
Procedure 18 Measuring Weight and Height
161(1)
Dangers of Extreme Body Temperature
162(5)
Hyperthermia
162(2)
Hypothermia
164(3)
Mental Health
167(8)
Understanding Emotions
168(2)
Stages of Personality Development
168(2)
Stress
170(1)
Mental Disorders
170(2)
Anxiety Disorders
171(1)
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
171(1)
Delirium
171(1)
Mood Disorders or Bipolar Disorders
171(1)
Psychotic Disorders
172(1)
Effects of Emotions on Health
172(3)
SECTION 5 Body Systems and Common Disorders
175(188)
Digestion and Nutrition
176(27)
Digestive System
177(1)
Common Disorders of the Digestive System
178(1)
Ulcers
178(1)
Hiatal Hernia
178(1)
Heartburn/Reflux
178(1)
Nutrition
178(1)
Food Guide Pyramid
179(3)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
180(1)
Food Labels
180(1)
Eat a Variety of Foods
181(1)
A Daily Food Guide
181(1)
Choose a Diet Low in Fat, Saturated Fat, and Cholesterol
182(1)
Developing Good Eating Habits
182(5)
Empty-Calorie Foods
183(1)
Overeating
183(1)
Malnutrition
184(2)
The Importance of Water
186(1)
General Guidelines for Meal Planning
187(1)
Eating Patterns
187(1)
Shopping and Meal Preparation
187(7)
Menus and Shopping Lists
188(1)
Purchasing Food
188(2)
Storing Food
190(1)
Meal Preparation
190(1)
Food Allergies
191(1)
Food Preparation and Appeal
191(3)
Diet Therapy
194(3)
Special Diets
194(3)
Feeding the Client
197(1)
Procedure 19 Feeding the Client
197(6)
Total Parenteral Nutrition
200(3)
Elimination
203(27)
Urinary System
204(1)
Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections
205(1)
Common Disorders of the Urinary System
205(2)
Incontinence
205(1)
Cystitis
206(1)
Kidney Stones
206(1)
Renal (Kidney) Failure
206(1)
Common Disorders of the Lower Intestines and Rectum
207(1)
Diverticulitis
207(1)
Hemorrhoids
207(1)
Cancer of the Colon
207(1)
Client Care Procedures
207(1)
Measuring and Recording Fluids
207(1)
Procedure 20 Measuring and Recording Fluid intake and Output
208(2)
Giving and Emptying the Bedpan or Urinal
210(1)
Procedure 21 Giving and Emptying the Bedpan
210(1)
Procedure 22 Giving and Emptying the Urinal
211(1)
Procedure 23 Assisting Client to Use the Portable Commode
212(1)
Collecting a Urine Specimen
212(1)
Caring for Catheters
212(1)
Procedure 24 Collecting a Clean-Catch Urine Specimen
212(1)
Procedure 25 Caring for a Urinary Catheter
213(2)
Procedure 26 Connecting the Leg Bag
215(1)
Procedure 27 Emptying a Drainage Unit
216(1)
Procedure 28 Applying a Condom (External) Catheter
217(2)
Retraining the Bladder
218(1)
Bowel Movements
218(1)
Procedure 29 Retraining the Bladder
219(1)
Enemas and Rectal Suppositories
219(1)
Procedure 30 Giving a Commercial Enema
220(1)
Procedure 31 Giving a Rectal Suppository
221(1)
Adult Briefs
221(1)
Bowel Regulating Programs
221(1)
Procedure 32 Regulating the Bowels
222(1)
Procedure 33 Applying Adult Briefs
222(2)
Collecting a Stool Specimen
223(1)
Caring for an Ostomy Bag
223(1)
Procedure 34 Collecting a Stool Specimen
224(2)
Procedure 35 Assisting with Changing an Ostomy Bag
226(4)
Integumentary System
230(31)
Integumentary System
231(1)
Common Disorders of the Integumentary System
231(6)
Procedure 36 Applying Clean Dressing and Ointment to Broken Skin
237(1)
Hygiene
238(1)
Bathing a Client
239(1)
Giving a Bed Bath
239(1)
Procedure 37 Assisting with Tub Bath or Shower
239(3)
Procedure 38 Giving a Bed Bath
242(3)
Back Rub
244(1)
Perineal Care
244(1)
Procedure 39 Giving a Back Rub
245(1)
Procedure 40 Giving Female Perineal Care
246(1)
Procedure 41 Giving Male Perineal Care
247(1)
Oral Care
247(1)
Procedure 42 Assisting with Routine Oral Hygiene
248(3)
Procedure 43 Caring for Dentures
251(2)
Personal Care and Grooming
253(1)
Procedure 44 Shaving the Male Client
253(2)
Procedure 45 Performing a Warm Foot Soak
255(1)
Procedure 46 Giving Nail Care
256(1)
Procedure 47 Shampooing Hair in Bed
257(4)
Musculoskeletal System: Arthritis, Body Mechanics, and Restorative Care
261(46)
Musculoskeletal System
262(3)
Common Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
264(1)
Definition of Arthritis
265(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
265(1)
Osteoarthritis
266(1)
Management of Arthritis
266(3)
Diet Therapy
266(1)
Exercise
267(1)
Medication
267(1)
Surgery
267(1)
Nursing Care After Joint Replacement Surgery
268(1)
Assistive Devices
268(1)
Principles of Good Body Mechanics
269(5)
Applications of Good Body Mechanics to Client Care
273(1)
Positioning
273(1)
Procedure 48 Applying a Transfer or Gait Belt
274(1)
Procedure 49 Dangling a Client
275(1)
Procedure 50 Turning the Client Toward You
276(1)
Procedure 51 Moving the Client up in Bed Using the Drawsheet
277(1)
Procedure 52 Log Rolling the Client
278(2)
Procedure 53 Positioning the Client in Supine Position
280(1)
Procedure 54 Positioning the Client in Lateral/Side-lying Position
280(1)
Procedure 55 Positioning the Client in Prone Position
281(1)
Procedure 56 Positioning the Client in Fowler's Position
282(1)
Transfers
282(1)
Procedure 57 Assisting the Client from Bed to Wheelchair
282(2)
Procedure 58 Assisting the Client from Wheelchair to Bed
284(1)
Procedure 59 Transferring the Client from Wheelchair to Toilet/Commode
285(1)
Procedure 60 Lifting the Client Using a Mechanical Lift
286(1)
Procedure 61 Using a Stand Lift
287(1)
Procedure 62 Caring for Casts
288(1)
Cast Care
288(2)
Application of Cold
290(1)
Procedure 63 Applying a Cold Application to the Client's Skin
291(1)
Personal Care
291(1)
Procedure 64 Dressing and Undressing the Client
292(1)
Mobility and Exercises
292(1)
Need for Rehabilitation
292(1)
Procedure 65 Performing Active Range-of-Motion Exercises
293(3)
Procedure 66 Performing Passive Range-of-Motion Exercises
296(4)
Procedure 67 Assisting the Client to Walk with Crutches, Walker, or Cane
300(3)
Emotional Aspects of Rehabilitation
303(1)
Rehabilitation and Activities
303(4)
Nervous System
307(13)
Nervous System
308(1)
Disorders of the Nervous System
309(3)
Parkinson's Disease
309(1)
Multiple Sclerosis
310(1)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
311(1)
Epilepsy
311(1)
Muscular Dystrophy
311(1)
Spinal Cord Injuries
311(1)
Procedure 68 Caring for a Client Having a Seizure
312(8)
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or Stroke
312(8)
Circulatory System
320(13)
Circulatory System
321(2)
Risk Factors
323(1)
Disorders of the Heart and Circulatory System
323(5)
Angina Pectoris
323(1)
Myocardial Infarction
324(2)
Congestive Heart Failure
326(1)
Arteriosclerosis
326(1)
Phlebitis
326(1)
Venous Insufficiency
326(2)
Procedure 69 Applying Elasticized Stockings
328(1)
Arterial Insufficiency
329(1)
Gangrene
329(1)
Disorders of the Blood
329(4)
Anemia
330(1)
Sickle Cell Anemia
330(1)
Leukemia
330(1)
Hemophilia
330(3)
Respiratory System
333(9)
Respiratory System
334(1)
Major Respiratory Illnesses
334(2)
Procedure 70 Collecting a Sputum Specimen
336(1)
Pneumonia
336(1)
Chronic Bronchitis
336(1)
Procedure 71 Assisting With Cough and Deep-Breathing Exercises
337(1)
Asthma
337(1)
Emphysema
337(1)
Procedure 72 Assisting the Client With Oxygen Therapy
338(4)
Reproductive System
342(7)
Reproductive System
343(2)
Common Disorders of the Reproductive System
345(1)
Dysmenorrhea
345(1)
Vaginitis
345(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
345(4)
Chlamydia
345(1)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
345(1)
Nongonococcal Urethritis
346(1)
Gonorrhea
346(1)
Syphilis
346(1)
Genital Herpes
346(1)
Genital Warts
346(1)
Prevention of STDs
346(3)
Endocrine System and Diabetes
349(14)
Endocrine System
350(1)
Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyoridism
351(1)
Diabetes Mellitus
351(2)
Facts and Figures
352(1)
Classifications
352(1)
Signs and Symptoms
352(1)
Testing
353(1)
Procedure 73 Testing Blood
353(10)
Emergency Treatment
354(1)
Diet
355(1)
Exercise
355(1)
Drug Therapy
356(1)
Long-Term Complications
357(1)
Special Considerations for the Home Health Aide
357(3)
Identification Tag
360(3)
SECTION 6 Clients Requiring Special Care
363(32)
Caring for the Client Who Is Terminally III
364(8)
Hospice Program
365(1)
Advance Directives
365(1)
Stages of Grief
366(2)
Home Health Aide Responsibilities in Caring for the Dying Client
367(1)
Signs of Approaching Death
367(1)
Religious and Cultural Influences
368(4)
Caring for the Client With Alzheimer's Disease
372(12)
Alzheimer's Disease
373(2)
Stages of Dementia
373(2)
Caring for the Client
375(1)
Behavioral Considerations
375(5)
Wandering
375(4)
Hoarding
379(1)
Pillaging
380(1)
Repetitive Behaviors
380(1)
Shadowing
380(1)
Sundowning
380(1)
Suspiciousness
380(1)
Catastrophic Behavior
380(1)
Interventions
380(4)
Validation Therapy
380(1)
Reminiscence
381(1)
Habilitation
382(1)
Reality Orientation
382(2)
Caring for the Client With Cancer
384(11)
Cancer
385(1)
Cancer Treatments
386(1)
Caring for a Client With Cancer
387(1)
Cancer of the Female Reproductive System
388(1)
Cancer of the Breast
388(1)
Cancer of the Male Reproductive System
389(1)
Cancer of the Respiratory System
390(1)
Cancer of the Larynx
390(1)
Gastrointestinal Cancer
391(1)
Skin Cancer
391(4)
SECTION 7 Maternal/Infant Care
395(23)
Maternal Care
396(9)
Discomforts of Pregnancy
397(2)
Frequent Urination
397(1)
Morning Sickness
398(1)
Heartburn/Flatulence
398(1)
Constipation/Hemorrhoids
398(1)
Varicose Veins
398(1)
Breathlessness
398(1)
Backache
398(1)
Leg Cramps
399(1)
Edema
399(1)
Vaginal Discharge
399(1)
Complications of Pregnancy
399(2)
High-Risk Pregnancies
399(1)
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
400(1)
Danger Signals
401(1)
Caring for the Expectant Mother
401(1)
Caring for the Postpartum Mother
401(4)
Postpartum Discomforts
402(1)
Nutrition and Breast-Feeding
403(2)
Infant Care
405(13)
Infant Care
406(1)
Feeding the Infant
406(1)
Breast-Feeding
406(1)
Procedure 74 Assisting with Breast-Feeding and Breast Care
407(1)
Bottle-Feeding
408(1)
Burping the Infant
408(1)
Caring for the Newborn Infant
408(1)
Bathing an Infant
408(1)
Procedure 75 Bottle-Feeding an Infant
409(2)
Procedure 76 Burping an Infant
411(2)
Procedure 77 Bathing an Infant
413(5)
Care of the Penis
415(1)
Care of the Umbilical Cord
416(2)
SECTION 8 Employment
418(8)
Job-Seeking Skills
419(7)
Contacting Prospective Employers
420(1)
The Job Interview, Application Form, and Job Offer
420(6)
The Interview
420(2)
The Application Form
422(1)
The Job Offer
422(4)
APPENDICES
426(5)
Appendix A Emergency Procedure Guidelines
426(3)
Appendix B Prefixes and Suffixes Commonly Used in Medical Terminology
429(2)
Glossary 431(15)
Index 446

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