PREFACE |
|
xi | |
|
1 INTRODUCTION TO GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING |
|
|
1 | (9) |
|
1.1 Geotechnical Engineering |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1.2 The Unique Nature of Soil and Rock Materials |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.3 Suggested Approach to the Study of Geotechnical Engineering |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
1.5 Soil Formation and the Nature of Soil Constituents |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
1.6 Historical Development of Geotechnical Engineering |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
1.7 Notes on Symbols and Units |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
2 INDEX AND CLASSIFICATION PROPERTIES OF SOILS |
|
|
10 | (37) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
2.2 Basic Definitions and Phase Relations |
|
|
11 | (5) |
|
2.3 Solution of Phase Problems |
|
|
16 | (9) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
2.5 Grain Size and Grain Size Distribution |
|
|
26 | (6) |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
2.7 Atterberg Limits and Consistency Indices |
|
|
34 | (7) |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
|
41 | (6) |
|
|
47 | (30) |
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
3.2 The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) |
|
|
49 | (15) |
|
3.3 The AASHTO Soil Classification System |
|
|
64 | (8) |
|
3.4 Comparison of the USCS and AASHTO Classification Systems |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
|
72 | (5) |
|
4 CLAY MINERALS AND SOIL STRUCTURE |
|
|
77 | (32) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
78 | (10) |
|
4.3 Identification of Clay Minerals |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
4.5 Interaction Between Water and Clay Minerals |
|
|
90 | (5) |
|
4.6 Interaction of Clay Particles |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
4.7 Soil Structure and Fabric |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
4.8 Cohesive Soil Fabrics |
|
|
96 | (6) |
|
4.9 Cohesionless Soil Fabrics |
|
|
102 | (5) |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
|
109 | (57) |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
111 | (6) |
|
5.4 Properties and Structure of Compacted Cohesive Soils |
|
|
117 | (7) |
|
5.5 Field Compaction Equipment and Procedures |
|
|
124 | (17) |
|
5.6 Field Compaction Control and Specifications |
|
|
141 | (12) |
|
5.7 Estimating Performance of Compacted Soils |
|
|
153 | (8) |
|
|
161 | (5) |
|
6 WATER IN SOILS, I: CAPILLARITY, SHRINKAGE, SWELLING, FROST ACTION |
|
|
166 | (33) |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
|
167 | (11) |
|
6.3 Shrinkage Phenomena in Soils |
|
|
178 | (8) |
|
6.4 Engineering Significance of Shrinkage and Swelling |
|
|
186 | (4) |
|
|
190 | (5) |
|
|
195 | (4) |
|
7 WATER IN SOILS, II: PERMEABILITY, SEEPAGE, EFFECTIVE STRESS |
|
|
199 | (84) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
7.2 Dynamics of Fluid Flow |
|
|
200 | (3) |
|
7.3 Darcy's Law for Flow Through Porous Media |
|
|
203 | (3) |
|
7.4 Measurement of Permeability |
|
|
206 | (7) |
|
7.5 Intergranular or Effective Stress |
|
|
213 | (12) |
|
7.6 Relationship between Horizontal and Vertical Stresses |
|
|
225 | (2) |
|
7.7 Heads and One-Dimensional Flow |
|
|
227 | (5) |
|
7.8 Seepage Forces, Quicksand, and Liquefaction |
|
|
232 | (14) |
|
7.9 Seepage and Flow Nets: Two-Dimensional Flow |
|
|
246 | (12) |
|
7.10 The Method of Fragments |
|
|
258 | (12) |
|
7.11 Control of Seepage and Filters |
|
|
270 | (3) |
|
|
273 | (10) |
|
8 CONSOLIDATION AND CONSOLIDATION SETTLEMENTS |
|
|
283 | (93) |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
8.2 Components of Settlement |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
8.3 Compressibility of Soils |
|
|
285 | (4) |
|
8.4 The Oedometer and Consolidation Testing |
|
|
289 | (5) |
|
8.5 Preconsolidation Pressure; Normal, Overconsolidation, Underconsolidation |
|
|
294 | (5) |
|
8.6 Consolidation Behavior of Natural Soils |
|
|
299 | (10) |
|
8.7 Settlement Calculations |
|
|
309 | (17) |
|
8.8 Factors Affecting the Determination of Sigma (p) |
|
|
326 | (2) |
|
8.9 Prediction of Field Consolidation Curves |
|
|
328 | (7) |
|
|
335 | (6) |
|
8.11 Approximate Methods and Typical Values of Compression Indices |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (25) |
|
|
367 | (9) |
|
9 TIME RATE OF CONSOLIDATION |
|
|
376 | (55) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
9.2 The Consolidation Process |
|
|
377 | (3) |
|
9.3 Terzaghi's One-Dimensional Consolidation Theory |
|
|
380 | (15) |
|
9.4 Determination of the Coefficient of Consolidation c(v) |
|
|
395 | (7) |
|
9.5 Determination of the Coefficient of Permeability |
|
|
402 | (3) |
|
9.6 Typical Values of c(v) |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
9.7 Evaluation of Secondary Settlement |
|
|
405 | (9) |
|
9.8 Comprehensive Example of a Time Rate of Settlement Problem |
|
|
414 | (9) |
|
|
423 | (8) |
|
10 THE MOHR CIRCLE, FAILURE THEORIES, AND STRESS PATHS |
|
|
431 | (59) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
432 | (14) |
|
10.3 Stress-Strain Relationships and Failure Criteria |
|
|
446 | (3) |
|
10.4 The Mohr-Coulomb Failure Criterion |
|
|
449 | (9) |
|
10.5 Tests for the Shear Strength of Soils |
|
|
458 | (15) |
|
|
473 | (12) |
|
|
485 | (5) |
|
11 SHEAR STRENGTH OF SANDS AND CLAYS |
|
|
490 | (175) |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
11.2 Angle of Repose of Sands |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
11.3 Behavior of Saturated Sands During Drained Shear |
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
11.4 Effect of Void Ratio and Confining Pressure on Volume Change |
|
|
496 | (8) |
|
11.5 Behavior of Saturated Sand During Undrained Shear |
|
|
504 | (10) |
|
11.6 Factors that Affect the Shear Strength of Sands |
|
|
514 | (5) |
|
11.7 The Coefficient of Earth Pressure at Rest for Sands |
|
|
519 | (2) |
|
11.8 Liquefaction and Cyclic Mobility Behavior of Saturated Sands |
|
|
521 | (15) |
|
11.9 Stress-Deformation and Strength Characteristics of Saturated Cohesive Soils |
|
|
536 | (63) |
|
11.9.1 Consolidated-Drained (CD) Test Behavior |
|
|
538 | (5) |
|
11.9.2 Typical Values of Drained Strength Parameters |
|
|
543 | (2) |
|
11.9.3 Use of CD Strength in Engineering Practice |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
11.9.4 Consolidated-Undrained (CU) Test Behavior |
|
|
545 | (8) |
|
11.9.5 Typical Values of the Undrained Strength Parameters |
|
|
553 | (3) |
|
11.9.6 Use of CU Strength in Engineering Practice |
|
|
556 | (3) |
|
11.9.7 Unconsolidated-Undrained (UU) Test Behavior |
|
|
559 | (7) |
|
11.9.8 Typical Values of UU Strengths |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
11.9.9 Unconfined Compression Test |
|
|
566 | (4) |
|
11.9.10 Other Ways to Determine the Undrained Shear Strength |
|
|
570 | (15) |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
11.9.12 Use of Undrained (UU) Shear Strength in Engineering Practice |
|
|
586 | (9) |
|
11.9.13 Special Problems of the Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils |
|
|
595 | (4) |
|
11.10 Pore Pressure Parameters |
|
|
599 | (6) |
|
11.11 The Coefficient of Earth Pressure at Rest for Clays |
|
|
605 | (5) |
|
11.12 Stress Paths During Undrained Loading--Normally Consolidated Clays |
|
|
610 | (20) |
|
11.13 Stress Paths During Undrained Loading--Overconsolidated Clays |
|
|
630 | (4) |
|
11.14 Applications of Stress Paths to Engineering Practice |
|
|
634 | (6) |
|
|
640 | (25) |
|
APPENDIX A APPLICATION OF THE "SI" SYSTEM OF UNITS TO GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING |
|
|
665 | (16) |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
A.3 Basic and Derived SI Metric Units |
|
|
667 | (2) |
|
A.4 SI Units of Interest to Geotechnical Engineers and Their Conversion Factors |
|
|
669 | (12) |
|
APPENDIX B-1 DERIVATION OF LAPLACE'S EQUATION |
|
|
681 | (2) |
|
APPENDIX B-2 DERIVATION AND SOLUTION OF TERZAGHI'S ONE-DIMENSIONAL CONSOLIDATION THEORY |
|
|
683 | (8) |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
683 | (3) |
|
B-2.3 Mathematical Solution |
|
|
686 | (5) |
|
APPENDIX B-3 PORE PRESSURE PARAMETERS |
|
|
691 | (10) |
|
B-3.1 Derivation of Skempton's Pore Pressure Equation |
|
|
691 | (2) |
|
B-3.2 Definition of Delta Sigma(1) and Delta Sigma(3) for Rotation of Principal Stresses |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
B-3.3 Formulas for Pore Pressure Parameters for Different Stress Path Tests |
|
|
694 | (2) |
|
B-3.4 Proof that A(ac) = A(le) and A(ae) = A(lc) |
|
|
696 | (1) |
|
B-3.5 Derivation of the Henkel Pore Pressure Equation and Coefficients |
|
|
696 | (5) |
REFERENCES |
|
701 | (18) |
INDEX |
|
719 | |