An Introduction To Linguistics

by
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1999-03-15
Publisher(s): Palgrave Macmillan
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Summary

This wide-ranging book provides an invaluable guide to the very nature of language. By covering all major aspects of linguistics--semantics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and social variation--it gives a thorough grounding in the fundamental concepts of language and a practical analysis of its use. In addition, a study of short sample texts illustrates the principal characteristics of and differences between the languages of Western Europe, thus enabling the reader to understand linguistics in context. Concise summaries of the areas covered as well as a variety of text and topic-related exercises are included at the end of each chapter.

Author Biography

Stuart C. Poole is Coordinator of the Language Program at the Center for Continuing Education, University of Edinburgh.

Table of Contents

Preface viii
What Is Language?
1(8)
The Significance of Language
1(1)
What Is Language?
2(3)
The Functions of Language
5(1)
What Is a Language?
6(1)
The Elements of Language
6(3)
Summary
7(1)
Exercises
8(1)
Lexis
9(12)
What Is a Word?
9(3)
Where Do Words Come From?
12(9)
Summary
20(1)
Exercises
20(1)
Semantics
21(20)
The Function of Lexemes
21(1)
The Meaning of Meaning
22(1)
Semantic Range
22(2)
The Definition of Semantic Range
24(4)
Collocation and Idiom
28(2)
Homonymy and Polysemy
30(1)
The Human Element of Meaning
31(2)
Pragmatics
33(4)
Discourse Analysis
37(4)
Summary
38(1)
Exercises
39(2)
Phonetics
41(14)
The Organs of Speech
41(2)
Consonants
43(4)
Phonemic Notation
47(2)
Vowels
49(3)
Sounds in Sequence
52(3)
Summary
53(1)
Exercises
53(2)
Phonology
55(18)
Sound Systems of Languages
55(1)
The Phoneme
56(1)
Phonological Rules
57(1)
The Phonology of English
58(4)
The Phonology of Other Languages
62(4)
Suprasegmental Features
66(7)
Summary
70(1)
Exercises
70(3)
Morphology
73(10)
The Composition of Words
73(2)
Morphemes
75(1)
Derivation and Inflection
75(2)
Productivity and Word Formation
77(1)
Problems of Morphological Analysis
78(5)
Summary
81(1)
Exercises
81(2)
Syntax
83(13)
Syntax as Opposed to Morphology
83(1)
Word Classes
84(2)
Constituent Structure
86(3)
Noam Chomsky
89(2)
Syntactic Forms
91(5)
Summary
93(1)
Exercises
94(2)
Regional Variation
96(13)
Variations of Variations
96(2)
Horizontal Definition of Dialect
98(4)
Vertical Definition of Dialect
102(3)
The Nature of Variation
105(4)
Summary
107(1)
Exercises
108(1)
Social Variation
109(14)
The Social Dimension
109(2)
The Standard Language
111(1)
The Urban Vanguard
112(1)
Men and Women
113(1)
Power and Solidarity
114(2)
Registers and Diglossia
116(2)
Taboo and Political Correctness
118(2)
Slang
120(3)
Summary
121(1)
Exercises
121(2)
Historical Linguistics
123(22)
The Diachronic Dimension
123(1)
How Language Changes
124(5)
Why Language Changes
129(5)
When Language Changes
134(1)
Divergence
135(4)
Convergence
139(2)
Pidgins and Creoles
141(4)
Summary
142(1)
Exercises
143(2)
The Languages of Western Europe
145(32)
The Indo-European Family of Languages
145(1)
The Germanic Languages
146(8)
The Romance Languages
154(8)
The Celtic Languages
162(2)
Finnish
164(13)
Summary
164(1)
Texts
165(9)
Exercises
174(3)
Writing Systems
177(9)
Communication across Time and Space
177(1)
Morphemic and Phonetic Script
178(3)
Chinese Script - A Morphemic System
181(1)
Roman Script - An Alphabetic System
182(2)
Allographs
184(2)
Summary
185(1)
Exercises
185(1)
Glossary 186(12)
Guide to Exercises 198(9)
Bibliography 207(4)
Index 211

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