| Preface |
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xi | |
| Chapter 1 Introduction |
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1 | (12) |
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2 | (1) |
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Social Psychology and Self-Censorship |
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2 | (2) |
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2 | (1) |
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Humans as Meaning Seekers |
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3 | (1) |
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Why Do We Censor Ourselves? |
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4 | (3) |
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To Preserve the Group and One's Standing in It |
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4 | (1) |
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To Enhance One's Attractiveness to Others |
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4 | (1) |
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To Avoid the Disapproval of Others |
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5 | (1) |
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To Remain True to One's Self-Image |
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6 | (1) |
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Does Self-Censorship Require Awareness? |
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7 | (1) |
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Consequences of Self-Censorship |
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8 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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The Self in Self-Censorship |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
| Chapter 2 Social Etiquette |
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13 | (20) |
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Implicit Social Etiquette: Respecting the Situational Definitions of Others |
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14 | (1) |
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Compliance: When the Requestor's Definition Prevails |
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15 | (6) |
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15 | (2) |
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Throwing a Frisbee in Grand Central |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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The Other Side of the Coin: The Pressure to Present Reasonable Definitions |
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21 | (2) |
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Authority and Compliance: The Milgram Experiment |
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23 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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Confronting Others in Their Own Space |
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25 | (1) |
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The Etiquette of Prejudice and Discrimination |
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26 | (4) |
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Prejudice Succumbs to Etiquette |
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27 | (1) |
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Etiquette Succumbs to Prejudice |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
| Chapter 3 Conformity |
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33 | (20) |
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Punishing Opinion Deviants |
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34 | (3) |
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Conformity Pressure in the Laboratory |
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34 | (2) |
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Conformity Pressure in the Courtroom |
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36 | (1) |
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Conformity Pressure in the Cabinet Room |
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37 | (1) |
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Punishing Behavioral Deviants |
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37 | (2) |
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Conformity Pressure in the Classroom |
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38 | (1) |
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Conformity Pressure in the Workplace |
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38 | (1) |
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Conformity Pressure on the Street Corner |
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39 | (1) |
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The (Un)Popularity of Deviants |
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39 | (3) |
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Campus Popularity and Political Opinions |
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40 | (1) |
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Sorority Popularity and Eating Behavior |
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41 | (1) |
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Conformity Without Pressure |
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42 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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Conforming to an Ideal Self |
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44 | (4) |
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Conforming to a Gender Ideal |
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45 | (1) |
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Conforming to a Pro-Environment Ideal |
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46 | (2) |
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Conformity Without Awareness |
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48 | (1) |
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Speaking Quietly in the Library |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (3) |
| Chapter 4 Self-Censorship and the Collective |
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53 | (18) |
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Pluralistic Ignorance: When Individual Fear of Overreaction Leads to Collective Underreaction |
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54 | (2) |
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Pluralistic Ignorance and Group Decision Making |
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56 | (1) |
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The Origins of Pluralistic Ignorance: The Illusion of Transparency |
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56 | (2) |
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The Illusion of Transparency Among Bystanders to an Emergency |
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57 | (1) |
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Pluralistic Ignorance and the Perpetuation of Unpopular Social Practices |
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58 | (4) |
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The Perpetuation of College Drinking Practices |
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58 | (3) |
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The Perpetuation of Group Conflict |
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61 | (1) |
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When Attitude Change Occurs Without Norm Change |
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62 | (3) |
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The Perpetuation of Discrimination |
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63 | (1) |
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The Perpetuation of Violence |
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63 | (2) |
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When Norm Change Occurs Without Attitude Change |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Changing Attitudes Versus Dispelling Pluralistic Ignorance |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
| Chapter 5 Self-Censorship and the Individual |
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71 | (18) |
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Unwarranted Feelings of Inferiority and Inadequacy |
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72 | (5) |
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Doubting One's Intelligence |
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72 | (2) |
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Doubting One's Competence |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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Feeling Out of Step with Life Transitions |
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76 | (1) |
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Unwarranted Feelings of Difference and Alienation |
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77 | (4) |
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The Illusion of Universality |
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77 | (2) |
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Feeling Both Superior and Alienated |
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79 | (1) |
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Secondary Feelings of Deviance |
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80 | (1) |
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Behavioral Consequences for the Self |
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81 | (4) |
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Health-Endangering Behavior |
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82 | (1) |
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Relationship-Impeding Behavior |
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82 | (2) |
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Conflict-Perpetuating Behavior |
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84 | (1) |
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Overcoming Pluralistic Ignorance |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
| Chapter 6 Censoring and Expressing Prejudice |
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89 | (20) |
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Norms Against Racial Prejudice |
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90 | (2) |
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Censoring the Expression of Prejudice |
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91 | (1) |
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The Search for Prejudice: Trying to Outsmart the Censor |
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92 | (5) |
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Subtle Measures of Prejudice |
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92 | (1) |
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Nonverbal Measures of Prejudice |
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93 | (1) |
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Implicit Measures of Prejudice |
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94 | (3) |
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Controlling Prejudiced Thought |
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97 | (4) |
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Postconscious Stereotype Control |
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98 | (1) |
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Preconscious Stereotype Control |
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99 | (2) |
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Licensing Prejudice: Finding Acceptable Channels of Expression |
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101 | (5) |
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Disguising Racial Bias in Innocent Attire |
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101 | (2) |
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The Liberating Effects of Moral Credentials |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (2) |
| Chapter 7 Censoring and Expressing Irrationality |
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109 | (20) |
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Maximizing Monetary Value Over Psychological Well-being |
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109 | (8) |
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Censoring Feelings of Disgust |
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110 | (1) |
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Censoring Feelings of Resentment |
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111 | (1) |
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Censoring Feelings of Unfairness |
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112 | (3) |
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Censoring Feelings of Embarrassment |
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115 | (1) |
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Reflection Increases Rationality But Not Satisfaction |
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116 | (1) |
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The Legitimating Impact of Self-interest |
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117 | (5) |
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Emphasizing Self-interest in Accounts for Behavior |
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117 | (2) |
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Concealing Compassion Within the Guise of Self-interest |
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119 | (1) |
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Pointing to Self-interest to Justify Morally Questionable Behavior |
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120 | (2) |
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Using Self-interest to Provide Psychological Cover |
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122 | (2) |
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Appearing to Care about Money |
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122 | (1) |
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The Exchange Fiction and Charitable Giving |
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123 | (1) |
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The Growing Power of the Rationality Ideal |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
| Epilogue |
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129 | (2) |
| Appendix: Research Summary Tables |
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131 | (15) |
| References |
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146 | (10) |
| Name Index |
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156 | (3) |
| Subject Index |
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159 | |