Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric : The Use of Reason in Everyday Life
by Cavender, Nancy M.; Kahane, HowardEdition: 11th
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2009-02-09
Publisher(s): Cengage Learning
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Summary
Strengthen your reasoning skills with LOGIC AND CONTEMPORARY RHETORIC: THE USE OF REASON IN EVERYDAY LIFE, 11E. This logic book puts critical-thinking skills into a context that you'll remember and use throughout your life.
Author Biography
Cavender and Kahane's classic text has introduced tens of thousands of students to the principles of sound reasoning. The authors' witty and invigorating writing style enlivens their discussions of current, relevant, and stimulating topics from television, politics, newspapers, and magazines, bringing each concept to life in a memorable, meaningful way. More important, Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric puts critical thinking skills into a context that you'll remember for years to come, giving your new knowledge a lifetime of usefulness.
Table of Contents
| Preface | p. x |
| Good and Bad Reasoning | p. 1 |
| Reasoning and Arguments | p. 2 |
| Exposition and Argument | p. 4 |
| Cogent Reasoning | p. 6 |
| Two Basic Kinds of Valid Argument | p. 9 |
| Some Wrong Ideas about Cogent Reasoning | p. 12 |
| Background Beliefs | p. 15 |
| Kinds of Background Beliefs | p. 15 |
| Worldviews or Philosophies | p. 16 |
| Insufficiently Grounded Beliefs | p. 18 |
| Two Vital Kinds of Background Beliefs | p. 23 |
| Science to the Rescue | p. 24 |
| Summary of Chapter 1 | p. 27 |
| More on Deduction and Induction | p. 31 |
| Deductive Validity | p. 31 |
| Deductive Invalidity | p. 34 |
| Syllogisms | p. 35 |
| Indirect Proofs | p. 37 |
| Tautologies, Contradictions, and Contingent Statements | p. 37 |
| Inductive Validity (Correctness) and Invalidity (Incorrectness) | p. 38 |
| A Misconception about Deduction and Induction | p. 42 |
| Reasoning Cogently Versus Being Right in Fact | p. 42 |
| Summary of Chapter 2 | p. 43 |
| Fallacious Reasoning-1 | p. 47 |
| Appeal to Authority | p. 48 |
| Inconsistency | p. 52 |
| Straw Man | p. 57 |
| False Dilemma and the Either-Or Fallacy | p. 57 |
| Begging the Question | p. 59 |
| Questionable Premise-Questionable Statement | p. 61 |
| Suppressed (Overlooked) Evidence | p. 61 |
| Tokenism | p. 64 |
| Summary of Chapter 3 | p. 64 |
| Fallacious Reasoning-2 | p. 73 |
| Ad Hominem Argument | p. 73 |
| Two Wrongs Make a Right | p. 75 |
| Irrelevant Reason (Non Sequitur) | p. 79 |
| Equivocation | p. 80 |
| Appeal to Ignorance | p. 83 |
| Composition and Division | p. 84 |
| Slippery Slope | p. 84 |
| Summary of Chapter 4 | p. 85 |
| Fallacious Reasoning-3 | p. 93 |
| Hasty Conclusion | p. 93 |
| Small Sample | p. 94 |
| Unrepresentative Sample | p. 94 |
| Questionable Cause | p. 95 |
| Questionable Analogy | p. 99 |
| Questionable Statistics | p. 101 |
| Questionable Uses of Good Statistics | p. 103 |
| Polls: An Important Special Case | p. 105 |
| False Charge of Fallacy | p. 108 |
| Summary of Chapter 5 | p. 110 |
| Psychological Impediments to Cogent Reasoning: Shooting Ourselves in the Foot | p. 123 |
| Loyalty, Provincialism, and the Herd Instinct | p. 124 |
| Prejudice, Stereotypes, Scapegoats, and Partisan Mind-Sets | p. 126 |
| Superstitious Beliefs | p. 129 |
| Wishful Thinking and Self-Deception | p. 130 |
| Rationalization and Procrastination | p. 132 |
| Other Defense Mechanisms | p. 136 |
| The Benefits of Self-Deception, Wishful Thinking, and Denial | p. 138 |
| The Pull of Pseudoscience and the Paranormal | p. 140 |
| Lack of a Good Sense of Proportion | p. 143 |
| Summary of Chapter 6 | p. 145 |
| Language | p. 151 |
| Cognitive and Emotive Meanings | p. 151 |
| Emotive Meanings and Persuasive Uses of Language | p. 152 |
| Other Common Rhetorical Devices | p. 159 |
| Language Manipulators | p. 165 |
| Language Revision | p. 170 |
| Summary of Chapter 7 | p. 175 |
| Evaluating Extended Arguments | p. 181 |
| The Basic Tasks of Essay Evaluation | p. 182 |
| The Margin Note and Summary Method | p. 190 |
| Extended Evaluation of an Argument | p. 190 |
| Dealing with Value Claims | p. 195 |
| Evaluating Ironic Works | p. 201 |
| Summary of Chapter 8 | p. 204 |
| Writing Cogent (and Persuasive) Essays | p. 207 |
| The Writing Process | p. 207 |
| Preparing to Write | p. 208 |
| Writing the Essay | p. 209 |
| Supporting Reasons Effectively | p. 213 |
| Summary of Chapter 9 | p. 231 |
| Advertising: Selling the Product | p. 233 |
| Promise and Identification Advertisements | p. 234 |
| Things to Watch Out for in Advertisements | p. 236 |
| The Upside of Ads | p. 246 |
| Marketing Strategies | p. 247 |
| Political Advertising | p. 254 |
| Summary of Chapter 10 | p. 265 |
| Managing the News | p. 271 |
| The Media and the Power of Money | p. 272 |
| News-Gathering Methods Are Designed to Save Money | p. 286 |
| Misdirection and Lack of Proportion | p. 288 |
| News Reporting: Theory and Practice | p. 289 |
| Devices Used to Slant the News | p. 299 |
| Television, Film, and Electronic Information Sources | p. 305 |
| The Non-Mass Media to the Rescue | p. 310 |
| Recent Developments | p. 312 |
| Summary of Chapter 11 | p. 317 |
| Textbooks: Managing Worldviews | p. 323 |
| High School History Textbooks | p. 324 |
| Social Studies (Civics) Textbooks Minimize the Great Gulf between Theory and Practice | p. 331 |
| Textbooks and Indoctrination | p. 333 |
| Textbooks and Politics | p. 335 |
| Censorship | p. 341 |
| Textbooks Fail to Give Students Genuine Understanding | p. 350 |
| Postscript on College Texts | p. 351 |
| Summary of Chapter 12 | p. 353 |
| p. 359 | |
| More on Cause and Effect | p. 359 |
| Scientific Method | p. 360 |
| Calculating Probabilities and Fair Odds | p. 363 |
| Answers to Starred Exercise Items | p. 368 |
| Bibliography | p. 375 |
| Glossary | p. 385 |
| Indexes | p. 391 |
| Credits | p. 411 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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