Authors |
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xi | (2) |
Preface |
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xiii | |
Who Should Read This Book |
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xiii | (1) |
What This Book Covers |
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xiv | (1) |
What This Book Does Not Cover |
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xiv | (1) |
How the Book Came To Be |
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xiv | (1) |
Acknowledgments |
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xv | |
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1 Introduction to Multimedia |
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1 | (18) |
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1.1 The Internet and Multimedia Communications |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Continuous and Discrete Media |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Quantization and Encoding |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.6 Moving Graphics and Images |
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7 | (1) |
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1.7 Encoding and Decoding |
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7 | (2) |
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1.8 Bandwidth vs. Compression |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (5) |
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1.9.1 Background and Motivation |
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11 | (1) |
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1.9.2 Teleteaching Scenarios |
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12 | (3) |
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1.9.3 Multimedia Teaching Materials |
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15 | (1) |
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1.9.4 Industrial Partners |
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16 | (1) |
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1.9.5 Comparable Projects |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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2 Multimedia Networks: Requirements and Performance Issues |
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19 | (16) |
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2.1 Distributed Multimedia Applications |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2 Peer-to-Peer and Multipeer Communications |
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20 | (1) |
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2.3 Network Performance Parameters for Multimedia |
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21 | (3) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Delay Variation or Jitter |
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24 | (1) |
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2.4 Characteristics of Multimedia Traffic Sources |
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24 | (2) |
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2.4.1 Throughput Variation with Time |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Bidirectional Symmetry |
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25 | (1) |
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2.5 Factors That Affect Network Performance |
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26 | (3) |
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2.5.1 Throughput Performance Factors |
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26 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Issues in Network Error Performance |
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28 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Network Delay Performance Issues |
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29 | (1) |
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2.6 Multimedia Traffic Requirements for Networks |
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29 | (3) |
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2.6.1 Throughput Requirements |
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30 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Reliability (Error Control) Requirements |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (44) |
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3.1 Introduction to Compression Methods |
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35 | (4) |
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39 | (8) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Discrete Cosine Transform |
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42 | (3) |
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3.2.5 Differential Pulse Code Modulation |
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45 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Motion-Compensated Prediction |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (20) |
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3.3.1 Nonstandardized Techniques |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (4) |
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52 | (4) |
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56 | (4) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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3.3.8 Wavelet Image Compression |
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62 | (3) |
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3.3.9 Fractal Image Compression |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (5) |
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3.4.1 Variants of Pulse Code Modulation |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (4) |
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3.4.3 Perceptual Audio Coder |
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72 | (1) |
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3.5 More Information about Compression Methods |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (6) |
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79 | (46) |
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4.1 Networking Requirements of Multimedia Applications |
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79 | (3) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Multipoint Communication |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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4.1.5 Channel Synchronization |
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82 | (1) |
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4.2 Networking Technologies |
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82 | (25) |
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4.2.1 Relevant Parameters |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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4.2.3 100Base-T (Fast Ethernet) |
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83 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Isochronous Ethernet |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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4.2.10 X.25 Packet-Switching |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (2) |
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4.2.12 IP Packet-Switching Networks |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (7) |
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103 | (2) |
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4.2.16 Summary of Network Characteristics |
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105 | (2) |
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4.3 Networking Infrastructure Evolution |
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107 | (13) |
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4.3.1 Network Deployment Issues |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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4.3.3 LAN Topology Evolution |
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110 | (3) |
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4.3.4 Integration of ATM into the LAN Infrastructure |
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113 | (1) |
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4.3.5 Classical IP over ATM (RFC 1577) |
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113 | (2) |
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4.3.6 IP Multicasting over ATM |
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115 | (3) |
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4.3.7 LAN Emulation Services over ATM |
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118 | (2) |
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4.3.8 Native Multimedia Communication over ATM |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (4) |
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5 Network and Transport Layer Protocols for Multimedia |
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125 | (44) |
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5.1 Principles and Algorithms of Traditional Protocols |
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125 | (13) |
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126 | (8) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (3) |
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5.2 Problems with Traditional Protocols |
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138 | (10) |
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5.2.1 Traditional Protocols Cannot Guarantee Quality of Service |
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140 | (3) |
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5.2.2 Traditional Protocols Do Not Support Multicast |
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143 | (5) |
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5.3 A New Generation of Protocols for Multimedia |
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148 | (11) |
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5.3.1 ST2, the Stream Protocol Version II |
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148 | (2) |
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5.3.2 The Tenet Protocols |
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150 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Multicast IP and the MBone |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (2) |
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5.3.5 RSVP, a Resource Reservation Protocol for the Internet |
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155 | (3) |
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5.3.6 RTP, a Real-Time Transport Protocol |
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158 | (1) |
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5.4 Media Filtering, Media Scaling, and Adaptive Applications |
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159 | (3) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Adaptive Applications |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (6) |
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6 End-to-End Reliable Multicast |
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169 | (24) |
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6.1 Defining End-to-End Reliability |
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169 | (1) |
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6.2 A Taxonomy of Reliable Multicast Protocols |
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170 | (7) |
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6.2.1 Sender-Initiated Protocols |
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171 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Receiver-Initiated Protocols |
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173 | (1) |
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6.2.3 Tree-Based Protocols |
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174 | (2) |
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6.2.4 Ring-Based Protocols |
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176 | (1) |
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6.3 Maximum Throughput of Reliable Protocols |
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177 | (2) |
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6.4 Protocol Implementations |
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179 | (4) |
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6.4.1 Scalable Reliable Multicast (SRM) |
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179 | (2) |
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6.4.2 Tree-Based Protocols |
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181 | (2) |
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6.5 Scaling and Efficiency Issues |
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183 | (5) |
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6.5.1 Deallocating Memory |
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (1) |
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6.5.3 Efficient Ack Tree Construction |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (4) |
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7 Multimedia Applications in Networks |
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193 | (38) |
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193 | (1) |
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7.2 Application-Level Framing |
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194 | (2) |
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7.3 Audio/Video Conferencing |
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196 | (15) |
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7.3.1 Session Directories |
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196 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Audio/Video Conferencing |
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197 | (3) |
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7.3.3 Adaptive Applications |
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200 | (5) |
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7.3.4 Receiver Heterogeneity |
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205 | (3) |
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7.3.5 Real-Time Applications with Resource Reservations |
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208 | (3) |
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211 | (3) |
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7.4.1 Architecture of Video Server Systems |
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211 | (3) |
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7.4.2 MBone VCR: A Video Server for the MBone |
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214 | (1) |
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7.5 Applications Requiring Reliable Multicast |
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214 | (4) |
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214 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Network Text Editor for Shared Text Editing |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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7.5.4 Multicast File Transfer |
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217 | (1) |
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7.6 Multimedia Applications in the World Wide Web |
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218 | (5) |
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7.6.1 Multicast Web Page Sharing |
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218 | (3) |
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7.6.2 Audio/Video Streams in the WWW |
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221 | (2) |
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7.6.3 Conferencing Java Applets |
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223 | (1) |
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7.7 Interactive Multiplayer Games |
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223 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (5) |
Index |
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231 | |