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Renowned for its authoritative, comprehensive coverage of contemporary international finance, this market-leading text trains the leaders of tomorrow's multinational enterprises to recognize and capitalize on the unique characteristics of global markets. Because the job of a manager is to make financial decisions that increase firm value, the authors have embedded real-world mini-cases throughout to apply chapter concepts to the types of situations managers of multinational firms face.
Globalization and the Multinational Enterprise; Financial Goals & Governance; The International Monetary System; The Balance of Payments; Current Multinational Financial Challenges: Crisis; The Foreign Exchange Market
International Parity Conditions; Foreign Currency Derivatives; Interest Rate and Cross Currency Swaps; Foreign Exchange Rate Determination & Forecasting; Transaction Exposure; Operating Exposure; Translation Exposure; The Global Cost and Availability of Capital; Sourcing Equity Globally; Sourcing Debt Globally; International Portfolio Theory & Investment; Foreign Direct Investment Theory & Strategy; Multinational Capital Budgeting; Multinational Tax Management; Working Capital Management; International Trade Finance
MARKET: For the leaders of tomorrow’s multinational enterprises who will recognize and capitalize on the unique characteristics of global markets.
Global Financial Environment | p. 1 |
Globalization and the Multinational Enterprise | p. 2 |
Globalization and Creating Value in the Multinational Enterprise | p. 3 |
The Theory of Comparative Advantage | p. 4 |
What Is Different about Global Financial Management? | p. 7 |
Market Imperfections: A Rationale for the Existence of the Multinational Firm | p. 8 |
The Globalization Process | p. 9 |
Summary Points | p. 13 |
Porsche Changes Tack | p. 13 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 19 |
Financial Goals and Corporate Governance | p. 22 |
Who Owns the Business? | p. 22 |
What Is the Goal of Management? | p. 24 |
Corporate Governance | p. 28 |
Summary Points | p. 40 |
Governance Failure at Enron | p. 41 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 45 |
The International Monetary System | p. 50 |
History of the International Monetary System | p. 50 |
Contemporary Currency Regimes | p. 56 |
Emerging Markets and Regime Choices | p. 62 |
The Birth of a European Currency: The Euro | p. 64 |
Exchange Rate Regimes: What Lies Ahead? | p. 69 |
Summary Points | p. 70 |
The Revaluation of the Chinese Yuan | p. 71 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 74 |
The Balance of Payments | p. 78 |
Typical Balance of Payments Transactions | p. 79 |
Fundamentals of Balance of Payments Accounting | p. 80 |
The Accounts of the Balance of Payments | p. 81 |
The Capital and Financial Accounts | p. 83 |
The Balance of Payments in Total | p. 88 |
The Balance of Payments Interaction with Key Macroeconomic Variables | p. 91 |
Trade Balances and Exchange Rates | p. 93 |
Capital Mobility | p. 96 |
Summary Points | p. 99 |
Turkey's Kriz (A): Deteriorating Balance of Payments | p. 99 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 101 |
Current Multinational Financial Challenges: The Credit Crisis of 2007-2009 | p. 106 |
The Seeds of Crisis: Subprime Debt | p. 106 |
The Transmission Mechanism: Securitization and Derivatives of Securitized Debt | p. 109 |
The Fallout: The Crisis of 2007 and 2008 | p. 120 |
The Remedy: Prescriptions for an Infected Global Financial Organism | p. 129 |
Summary Points | p. 131 |
Letting Go of Lehaman Brothers | p. 132 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 134 |
Foreign Exchange Theory and Markets | p. 137 |
The Foreign Exchange Market | p. 138 |
Geographical Extent of the Foreign Exchange Market | p. 138 |
Functions of the Foreign Exchange Market | p. 139 |
Market Participants | p. 140 |
Transactions in the Interbank Market | p. 142 |
Foreign Exchange Rates and Quotations | p. 148 |
Summary Points | p. 156 |
The Venezuelan Bolivar Black Market | p. 157 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 160 |
International Parity Conditions | p. 164 |
Prices and Exchange Rates | p. 164 |
Interest Rates and Exchange Rates | p. 172 |
Forward Rate as an Unbiased Predictor of the Future Spot Rate | p. 181 |
Prices, Interest Rates, and Exchange Rates in Equilibrium | p. 183 |
Summary Points | p. 184 |
Currency Pass-Through at Porsche | p. 185 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 186 |
An Algebraic Primer to International Parity Conditions | p. 193 |
Foreign Currency Derivatives | p. 197 |
Foreign Currency Futures | p. 198 |
Currency Options | p. 201 |
Foreign Currency Speculation | p. 203 |
Option Pricing and Valuation | p. 210 |
Currency Option Pricing Sensitivity | p. 213 |
Prudence in Practice | p. 221 |
Summary Points | p. 222 |
Warren Buffett's Love-Hate Relationship with Derivatives | p. 223 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 226 |
Currency Option Pricing Theory | p. 230 |
Interest Rate and Currency Swaps | p. 234 |
Defining Interest Rate Risk | p. 234 |
Management of Interest Rate Risk | p. 237 |
Trident Corporation: Swapping to Fixed Rates | p. 245 |
Currency Swaps | p. 246 |
Trident Corporation: Swapping Floating Dollars into Fixed Rate Swiss Francs | p. 247 |
Counterparty Risk | p. 249 |
Summary Points | p. 250 |
McDonald's Corporation's British Pound Exposure | p. 251 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 252 |
Foreign Exchange Rate Determination and Forecasting | p. 256 |
Exchange Rate Determination: The Theoretical Thread | p. 257 |
The Asset Market Approach to Forecasting | p. 260 |
Disequilibrium: Exchange Rates in Emerging Markets | p. 262 |
Illustrative Case: The Asian Crisis | p. 262 |
Illustrative Case: The Argentine Crisis of 2002 | p. 265 |
Forecasting in Practice | p. 270 |
Summary Points | p. 274 |
JPMorgan Chase's Forecasting Accuracy | p. 274 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 276 |
Foreign Exchange Exposure | p. 281 |
Transaction Exposure | p. 282 |
Types of Foreign Exchange Exposure | p. 282 |
Why Hedge? | p. 284 |
Measurement of Transaction Exposure | p. 287 |
Trident's Transaction Exposure | p. 289 |
Management of an Account Payable | p. 297 |
Risk Management in Practice | p. 299 |
Summary Points | p. 300 |
Xian-Janssen Pharmaceutical (China) and the Euro | p. 301 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 303 |
Complex Options | p. 312 |
Operating Exposure | p. 320 |
Attributes of Operating Exposure | p. 320 |
Illustrating Operating Exposure: Trident | p. 322 |
Strategic Management of Operating Exposure | p. 326 |
Proactive Management of Operating Exposure | p. 329 |
Contractual Approaches: Hedging the Unhedgeable | p. 336 |
Summary Points | p. 337 |
Toyota's European Operating Exposure | p. 338 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 340 |
Translation Exposure | p. 344 |
Overview of Translation | p. 344 |
Translation Methods | p. 347 |
Translation Example: Trident Europe | p. 350 |
Comparing Translation Exposure with Operating Exposure | p. 355 |
Managing Translation Exposure | p. 355 |
Summary Points | p. 359 |
LaJolla Engineering Services | p. 360 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 362 |
Financing the Global Firm | p. 365 |
The Global Cost and Availability of Captial | p. 366 |
Weighted Average Cost of Capital | p. 368 |
The Demand for Foreign Securities: The Role of International Portfolio Investors | p. 373 |
The Cost of Capital for MNEs Compared to Domestic Firms | p. 379 |
Solving a Riddle: Is the Weighted Average Cost of Capital for MNEs Really Higher Than for Their Domestic Counterparts? | p. 380 |
Summary Points | p. 382 |
Novo Industri A/S (Novo) | p. 383 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 387 |
Sourcing Equity Globally | p. 391 |
Designing a Strategy to Source Equity Globally | p. 392 |
Foreign Equity Listing and Issuance | p. 395 |
Effect of Cross-Listing and Equity Issuance on Share Price | p. 397 |
Barriers to Cross-Listing and Selling Equity Abroad | p. 399 |
Alternative Instruments to Source Equity in Global Markets | p. 400 |
Summary Points | p. 404 |
Petrobrás of Brazil and the Cost of Capital | p. 404 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 408 |
Sourcing Debt Globally | p. 410 |
Optimal Financial Structure | p. 410 |
Optimal Financial Structure and the MNE | p. 411 |
Financial Structure of Foreign Subsidiaries | p. 414 |
International Debt Markets | p. 418 |
Summary Points | p. 424 |
Tirstrup BioMechanics (Denmark): Raising Dollar Debt | p. 424 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 426 |
Foreign Investment Decisions | p. 431 |
International Portfolio Theory and Diversification | p. 432 |
International Diversification and Risk | p. 432 |
Internationalizing the Domestic Portfolio | p. 435 |
National Markets and Asset Performance | p. 441 |
Summary Points | p. 446 |
Is Modern Portfolio Theory Outdated? | p. 447 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 448 |
Foreign Direct Investment Theory and Political Risk | p. 452 |
Sustaining and Transferring Competitive Advantage | p. 452 |
The OLI Paradigm and Internalization | p. 455 |
Deciding Where to Invest | p. 457 |
How to Invest Abroad: Modes of Foreign Involvement | p. 458 |
Foreign Direct Investment Originating in Developing Countries | p. 462 |
Foreign Direct Investment and Political Risk | p. 464 |
Assessing Political Risk | p. 465 |
Firm-Specific Risks | p. 466 |
Country-Specific Risks: Transfer Risk | p. 469 |
Country-Specific Risks: Cultural and Institutional Risks | p. 472 |
Global-Specific Risks | p. 476 |
Summary Points | p. 479 |
Mattel's Chinese Sourcing Crisis of 2007 | p. 480 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 483 |
Multinational Capital Budgeting | p. 487 |
Complexities of Budgeting for a Foreign Project | p. 488 |
Project versus Parent Valuation | p. 489 |
Illustrative Case: Cemex Enters Indonesia | p. 490 |
Real Option Analysis | p. 502 |
Project Financing | p. 503 |
Summary Points | p. 505 |
Trident's Chinese Market Entry-An Application of Real Option Analysis | p. 505 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 507 |
Managing Multinational Operations | p. 513 |
Multinational Tax Management | p. 514 |
Tax Principles | p. 514 |
Transfer Pricing | p. 522 |
Tax Management at Trident | p. 524 |
Tax Haven Subsidiaries and International Offshore Financial Centers | p. 525 |
Summary Points | p. 527 |
Stanley Works and Corporate Inversion | p. 527 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 531 |
Working Capital Management | p. 535 |
Trident Brazil's Operating Cycle | p. 535 |
Trident's Repositioning Decisions | p. 537 |
Constraints on Respositioning Funds | p. 539 |
Conduits for Moving Funds by Unbundling Them | p. 539 |
International Dividend Remittances | p. 540 |
Net Working Capital | p. 542 |
International Cash Management | p. 548 |
Financing Working Capital | p. 552 |
Summary Points | p. 556 |
Honeywell and Pakistan International Airways | p. 557 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 559 |
International Trade Finance | p. 565 |
The Trade Relationship | p. 565 |
The Trade Dilemma | p. 567 |
Benefits of the System | p. 568 |
Letter of Credit (L/C) | p. 570 |
Draft | p. 572 |
Bill of Lading (B/L) | p. 573 |
Example: Documentation in a Typical Trade Transaction | p. 574 |
Government Programs to Help Finance Exports | p. 576 |
Trade Financing Alternatives | p. 578 |
Forfaiting: Medium- and Long-Term Financing | p. 580 |
Summary Points | p. 582 |
Crosswell International's Precious Ultra-Thin Diapers | p. 583 |
Questions, Problems, Internet Exercises | p. 587 |
Answers to Selected Problems | p. 590 |
Glossary | p. 593 |
Index | p. 608 |
Credits | p. 628 |
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