NARRATIVE UNBOUND Re-Visioning William Blake's The Four Zoas

by
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1995-01-01
Publisher(s): Barrytown/Station Hill Press, Inc.
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Summary

"Narrative Unbound" is the first full-scale interpretation of the verbal text of Blake's most complex long poetic prophecy, "The Four Zoas." Never engraved or published in the poet/artist's lifetime, the poem remains in a single manuscript, apparently unfinished and heavily revised, and yet is widely celebrated as one of Blake's most powerful narrative works. Ault challenges the view that the poem is intrinsically incomplete and flawed, arguing instead that the famous difficulties of the text are aspects of Blake's transformative narrative strategies. By respecting the integrity of Blake's work, taking every written mark on the page as potentially functional, Ault shows how the intricate interweaving of narrative patterns and interruptions are instrumental to conscious reading. The poetic intent is nothing less than a complete renovation of the reading experience, the potential of which is the realization of what Blake has called "Four-fold vision." Ault's approach serves as a guide both to reading "The Four Zoas" and to participating in a radical poetic method.

Author Biography

Donald Ault served on the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, where he acted as Associate Editor of The Blake Newsletter. His Visionary Physics: Blake's Response to Newton has been the major study of Blake's attack on the scientific world-view. Prof. Ault is co-editor of Critical Paths: Blake and the Argument of Method (Duke University Press).

Table of Contents

List of Charts
viii
Foreword ix
Preliminary Remarks xi
Textual Note xxiv
Acknowledgements xxv
PRELUDIUM: UNBINDING NEWTONIAN NARRATIVE 1(22)
Introduction: Altering Single Vision
3(3)
Narrative Processes and Textual Features of Blake's Four Zoas
6(2)
Narrative Implications of the Circle of Destiny Episode
6(1)
Perspective Transformation
6(1)
Aspectual Interconnection
7(1)
Textual Implications of the Circle of Destiny Episode
7(1)
The Four Zoas Narrative and Text Reconsidered
8(11)
The Narrative Field
8(4)
Perspective Transformation
8(2)
Aspectual Interconnection: The ``Fall'' as Privileged Event and Pretext
10(2)
The Dialectic of the Text
12(7)
Text as Flight
12(4)
Text as Woven Pattern or Schema
16(3)
Reflections on the Ontology of Reading The Four Zoas
19(4)
REGION A: PERSPECTIVE INITIATION IN ``NIGHT THE FIRST'' 23(88)
Introduction: Subverting Origin and Identity
25(7)
Embedded Structures in Night I
32(8)
First Primary Bracket: Tharmas/Enion
40(52)
Tharmas/Enion Phase I: Verbal Interchange
43(8)
Phase II: Re-Enactments and Transitions
51(7)
First Embedded Structure: Los/Enitharmon
58(4)
Los/Enitharmon: First Phase
58(1)
Los/Enitharmon: Transition
59(1)
Los/Enitharmon: Second Phase
60(2)
First Sub-Embedded Structure: The Enitharmon/Los Interpolated Visions
62(30)
Interpolated Visions: Sub-Embedded Structure I: Enitharmon's ``Song of Vala''
63(3)
Interpolated Visions: Sub-Embedded Structure II: Los's Response
66(2)
Los/Enitharmon: Third Phase: Urizen/Los/Enitharmon
68(7)
Los/Enitharmon: Second Sub-Embedded Structure: The ``Feast''
75(6)
The Feast: Sub-Embedded Phase: ``The Nuptial Song''
81(11)
Re-Surfacing of the tharmas/Enion Bracket
92(2)
Second Primary Bracket: ``Eternity''
94(15)
Eternity Bracket: First Embedded Structure: The Messengers from Beulah Report
98(11)
Eternity Bracket: Second Embedded Structure: The Daughters of Beulah Spread a Couch
109(1)
Ironic Coda
109(2)
REGION B: FICTIONS OF LINEAR CAUSALITY NIGHTS II-VI 111(128)
Introduction: Mapping Nights II-VI
113(2)
Hierarchical Discontinuitty in Night the [Second]
115(25)
Narrative Involution in Night the Third
140(22)
Telescopic Reduction in Night the Fourth
162(22)
Progressive Re-Enactment in Night the Fifth
184(29)
Retrogressive Re-Enactment in Night the Sixth
213(26)
REGION C: NARRATIVE BRANCHING AND CONVERGENCE IN NIGHTS VIIA, VIIB, AND VIII 239(108)
Introduction: Anatomizing the Narrative Field
241(3)
Overlapping Narrative Elements
244(15)
The Tree of Mystery
244(6)
Weaving/Fabricating Embodied Forms
250(5)
War
255(4)
The Re-Surfacing of Suppressed Narrative Elements
259(28)
ORC
259(10)
The Lamb of God and Satan
269(12)
Jerusalem
281(6)
New Narrative Elements
287(40)
The Shadow of Enitharmon
288(32)
Perceptual Structures of the Shadow
288(10)
Narrative Consequences of the Shadow
298(22)
Rahab and the Synagogue of Satan
320(7)
The Structures of Nights VIIA, VIIB, and VIII
327(20)
Night VIIA
328(4)
Night VIIB
332(1)
Night VIII
333(14)
REGION D: COUNTER-APOCALYPTIC RESISTANCES IN NIGHT IX 347(122)
Preludium: Reading Night the Ninth Subversively
349(1)
Introduction: The Crisis of Entry into Night the Ninth
349(8)
Possible Resolution through Male/Female Union
354(2)
Possible Resolution through Redemptive Figures
356(1)
The Structures of Night IX
357(1)
Preliminary Analysis of the Structural Interferences in Night IX
358(16)
Structurally Eccentric Placement of Events
360(1)
The Tharmas/Enion Embrace
360(1)
Linear Override Plots
361(10)
The Trumpet Sounding
361(2)
The Harvest
363(1)
Consuming, Consummation, Flames, and Fires
363(2)
The Feast
365(2)
The Luvah/Vala Plot
367(4)
Pseudo-Symmetrical Structures
371(1)
Repetitions
372(1)
Discontinuous Break Throughs of Apocalyptic Imagery
372(1)
Doctrinal Intrusions
373(1)
A Linear-Temporal Unfolding of Night IX
374(92)
Bracket 1, Phase 1 Opens (117:1): Los/Urthona
374(8)
Bracket 1, Phase 1 is Suppressed (119:23): Los/Urthona
382(1)
Bracket 2, Phase 1 Opens (119:24): Eternal Man
382(10)
Bracket 2, Phase 1 is Suppressed (122:25): Eternal Man
392(1)
Bracket 3, Phase 1 Opens (122:26): Urizen
392(7)
Bracket 3, Phase 1 is Suppressed (125:14): Urizen
399(1)
Bracket 4, Phase 1 Opens (125:15): The Feast
399(3)
Bracket 4, Phase 1 is Suppressed (126:17): The Feast
402(1)
Bracket 5, Phase 1 Opens (126:18): Luvah/Vala
402(6)
Bracket 5, Phase 1 is Suppressed (130:3): Luvah and Vala
408(1)
Bracket 6, Phase 1 Opens (130:4): Tharmas and Enion As Children
408(1)
Bracket 6, Phase 1 Closes (130:13): Tharmas and Enion As Children
408(1)
Bracket 6, Phase 2 Opens (130:14): Tharmas and Enion As Children
408(3)
Bracket 6, Phase 2 Closes (130:19): Tharmas and Enion As Children
411(1)
Bracket 5, Phase 2 Opens (130:20): Luvah and Vala
411(1)
Bracket 5, Phase 2 Closes (130:21): Luvah and Vala
411(1)
Bracket 4, Phase 2 Opens (131:22): The Feast
411(16)
Bracket 4, Phase 2 Closes (133:33): The Feast
427(1)
Bracket 3, Phase 2 Opens (134:1): Urizen
427(1)
Bracket 3, Phase 2 Closes (134:1): Urizen
427(1)
Bracket 2, Phase 1 Opens (134:2): Eternal Man
427(14)
Bracket 2, Phase 2 Closes (137:33) Eternal Man
441(1)
Bracket 1, Phase 2 Opens (137:34): Los/Urthona
441(1)
Bracket 1, Phase 2 Opens (137:34): Los/Urthona
441(24)
Bracket 1, Phase 1 Closes (139:10): Los/Urthona
465(1)
End of the Dream
466(3)
Postscript on The Four Zoas as Visual Text 469(4)
List of Illustrations 473(2)
Appendix: On the Embedding of Night VIIB in Night VIIA 475(6)
Notes 481(31)
Key to the Epigraphs 512(1)
Bibliography 513

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