To understand how the brain learns and remembers requires an integration of psychological concepts and behavioral methods with mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and systems neuroscience. The Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, Second Edition, provides a synthesis of this interdisciplinary field. Each chapter makes the key concepts transparent and accessible to a reader with minimal background in either neurobiology or psychology and is extensively illustrated with full-color photographs and figures depicting important concepts and experimental data. Like the First Edition, the Second Edition is organized into three parts. However, each part has been expanded to include new chapters or reorganized to incorporate new findings and concepts.

Part One introduces the idea that synapses modified by experience provide the basis for memory storage. It next describes the long-term potentiation methodology used to study how synapses are modified and concepts needed to understand the organization of synapses. The remaining chapters are organized around the idea that the synaptic changes that support long-term potentiation evolve in four overlapping stages referred to as (a) generation, (b) stabilization, (c) consolidation, and (d) maintenance. The goal of each chapter is to reveal that each stage depends on unique molecular processes and to describe what they are.

Part Two builds on this foundation to show how molecules and cellular processes that have been identified from studies of synaptic plasticity also participate in the making of memories. It discusses some of the basic conceptual issues researchers face in trying to relate memory to synaptic molecules and describes some of the behavioral and neurobiological methods that are used. The chapters describing the processes involved in memory formation and consolidation have been extensively modified to provide a more detailed account of the molecular events that are engaged to ensure that established memories endure. The chapters on memory modulation and the fate of retrieved memories have been extensively modified to provide a more in-depth account of the relevant processes.

Part Three is organized around the multiple memory systems view--that different neural systems have evolved to store the content contained in our experience. It features discussion of the medial-temporal hippocampal system that supports episodic memory, the concept of systems consolidation, and its relationship to Ribot's law--that memories become resistant to disruption as they age. The cortical-striatal system and its relationship to what are called behavioral actions and habits is described, and the book ends with a discussion of neural systems involved in the acquisition and removal of emotional memories.

Jerry W. Rudy is College Professor of Distinction in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He received his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Virginia in 1970, and joined the UC Boulder faculty in 1980. The author of over 150 peer-reviewed research papers and book chapters, Dr. Rudy has served on the editorial boards of the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, Psychobiology, Developmental Psychobiology (Editor in Chief), Behavioral Neuroscience, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Learning and Memory, and Neurobiology of Learning and Memory (Associate Editor). He also served on the governing board and as President of the International Society for Developmental Psychobiology. He has received grant support from the National Science Foundation, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the National Institute of Health. Professor Rudy's research interests center on learning and memory processes. His research focused primarily on understanding the complementary contributions the hippocampus and neocortex make to learning and memory and the influence immune products have on memory. He is currently the director of the undergraduate neuroscience program at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

* Denotes a new chapter

*Introduction: Fundamental Concepts and Historical Foundations

Part One. Synaptic Basis of Memories

*Mechanisms of Synaptic Plasticity: Introduction
*Modifying Synapses: Central Concepts*
*Generating and Stabilizing the Trace: Post-translation Processes*
*Consolidating Synaptic Changes: Translation and Transcription*
*Consolidating Synaptic Changes: Specific Mechanisms*
*Maintaining the Consolidated Trace*
*Toward a Synthesis*

Part Two. Molecules and Memories
*Making Memories: Conceptual Issues and Methods
*Memory Formation: Early Stages
*Memory Consolidation
*Memory Maintenance and Forgetting*
*Memory Modulation Systems
*The Fate of Retrieved Memories

Part Three. Neural Systems and Memory
*Memory Systems and the Hippocampus
*The Hippocampus Index and Episodic Memory
*The MTH System: Episodic Memory, Semantic Memory, and Ribotâ$e s Law*
*Actions, Habits, and the Corticalâ$e"Striatal System
*Learning about Danger: The Neurobiology of Fear Memories