Panoramic Radiology
by Farman, Allan G.Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2007-07-04
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
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Summary
Panoramic radiology systems are currently being used in more practices than at other any time in the past. The practitioner now has decisions to make regarding detector technology selection for image acquisition and must remain informed about appropriate usage. This book is applicable to all panoramic dental images and equipment. It approaches panoramic radiology usage in the context of general and specialty applications.
Table of Contents
| Getting the Most Out of Panoramic Radiographic Interpretation | p. 1 |
| Quality Assurance | p. 1 |
| Image Projection Geometry | p. 1 |
| Interpreting a Normal Panoramic Radiograph | p. 3 |
| Anatomical Comparisons | p. 3 |
| Test | p. 5 |
| Ghost Images: Objects Outside the Image Layer that are not Entirely Excluded from the Panoramic Radiograph | p. 7 |
| Anatomic Ghosts | p. 7 |
| Jewelry Ghosts | p. 7 |
| Lead Apron | p. 10 |
| Prostheses | p. 10 |
| Test | p. 14 |
| Digital Options for Panoramic Radiology | p. 15 |
| Film Disadvantages | p. 16 |
| Film Advantages | p. 16 |
| Digital X-ray Imaging Disadvantages | p. 16 |
| Digital X-ray Imaging Advantages | p. 16 |
| If I Decide To Go Digital, How Do I Get Into It? What Systems Are Available? | p. 16 |
| Film Scanners and Cameras | p. 16 |
| Photostimulable Phosphor Plates | p. 17 |
| Solid-state Detectors | p. 19 |
| Radiation Dosage | p. 19 |
| Costs | p. 19 |
| Interoperability | p. 22 |
| References | p. 23 |
| Panoramic Radiology: Risk Within Reason | p. 25 |
| National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement: Radiation Protection in Dentistry (NCRP Report No. 145) | p. 25 |
| US Population Radiation Exposure | p. 26 |
| Principles of Radiation Protection | p. 26 |
| Risk within Reason | p. 27 |
| Risk within Reason from Panoramic | |
| Radiology | p. 27 |
| Patient Safety | p. 28 |
| Occupational Safety | p. 28 |
| Going Digital | p. 29 |
| Panoramic Dosimetry | p. 29 |
| Summary | p. 31 |
| References | p. 31 |
| Test | p. 32 |
| Panoramic Radiology: Role in ADA/FDA Use Guidelines | p. 33 |
| The "New" Dental Patient | p. 34 |
| Patients Having No Signs or Symptoms of Maxillofacial Disease | p. 34 |
| The "Recall" Dental Patient | p. 35 |
| Outcomes Evidence | p. 35 |
| Screening for Dental Fitness | p. 35 |
| Screening General Dental Patients | p. 35 |
| Screening for Periodontal Disease | p. 35 |
| Screening for Periapical Disease | p. 38 |
| Orthodontic Screening | p. 38 |
| Some Final Considerations | p. 39 |
| References | p. 39 |
| Test | p. 40 |
| Panoramic Radiologic Appraisal of Anomalies of the Dentition | p. 41 |
| Anomalies in Tooth Number | p. 42 |
| Hypodontia | p. 43 |
| Hypodontia and Clefts | p. 44 |
| Hypodontia and Down Syndrome | p. 44 |
| Hypodontia and Ectodermal Dysplasias | p. 45 |
| Supernumerary Teeth | p. 46 |
| Anomalies in Tooth Size | p. 49 |
| Macrodontia | p. 49 |
| Microdontia | p. 51 |
| Anomalies in Root Formation | p. 51 |
| Dilaceration | p. 52 |
| Taurodontism | p. 53 |
| Enamel Pearl | p. 53 |
| Connation | p. 53 |
| Concrescence | p. 53 |
| Supernumerary Roots | p. 56 |
| Anomalies of Tooth Crowns | p. 56 |
| Talon Cusp | p. 56 |
| Dens Invaginatus | p. 56 |
| Dens Evaginatus | p. 56 |
| Panoramic Radiology: An Important Adjunct in the Assessment of Dental Morphology | p. 56 |
| Tooth Structure Anomalies | p. 56 |
| Enamel Hypoplasia | p. 56 |
| Amelogenesis Imperfecta | p. 58 |
| Dentinogenesis Imperfecta | p. 60 |
| Radicular Dentin Dysplasia | p. 62 |
| Coronal Dentin Dysplasia | p. 62 |
| Odontodysplasia | p. 63 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 66 |
| References | p. 66 |
| Test | p. 69 |
| Tooth Eruption and Dental Impaction | p. 73 |
| Premature Eruption | p. 73 |
| Retarded Eruption | p. 73 |
| Dental Impactions | p. 74 |
| Impacted Third Molars | p. 74 |
| Impacted Canines | p. 76 |
| Other Impacted Regular Teeth | p. 76 |
| Impacted Supernumerary Teeth | p. 77 |
| Resorption of Impacted Teeth | p. 77 |
| Pathoses and Impaction | p. 77 |
| Ectopic Dental Eruption | p. 78 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 78 |
| References | p. 80 |
| Panoramic Radiographic Assessment in Orthodontics | p. 83 |
| Pros and Cons | p. 83 |
| Root Parallelism | p. 83 |
| Quality Control | p. 85 |
| American Board of Orthodontics | |
| Panoramic Requirement | p. 85 |
| Conclusions | p. 86 |
| References | p. 87 |
| Test | p. 89 |
| Assessing Growth and Development with Panoramic Radiographs and Cephalometric Attachments | p. 91 |
| Eruption Sequence and Timing | p. 91 |
| Normal Variations in Eruption Timing | p. 95 |
| Sex | p. 95 |
| Skeletal Pattern | p. 96 |
| Ethnicity | p. 96 |
| Local Causes of Delayed Dental Eruption | p. 96 |
| Systemic Conditions Delaying Dental Eruption | p. 96 |
| Low Birthweight | p. 96 |
| Second-hand Smoke | p. 97 |
| Syndromes | p. 97 |
| Delayed Puberty | p. 97 |
| Factors in Premature Dental Eruption | p. 97 |
| Assessment of Biological Age Using Hand-Wrist Radiographs | p. 97 |
| Assessment of Biological Age Using Lateral Cephalograms | p. 98 |
| Biological Age and Orthodontic Intervention | p. 98 |
| Age and Identity | p. 98 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 100 |
| References | p. 103 |
| Test | p. 105 |
| Panoramic Radiographic Appearance of the Mandibular Canal in Health and in Disease | p. 107 |
| Pathological Conditions of the Mandible | p. 109 |
| Benign Lesions Within the Mandibular Canal | p. 109 |
| Malignant Lesions Within the Mandibular Canal | p. 110 |
| Benign Lesions Peripheral to the Mandibular Canal | p. 110 |
| Malignant Lesions Peripheral to the Mandibular Canal | p. 111 |
| Lesions Obscuring the Mandibular Canal | p. 113 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 114 |
| References | p. 115 |
| Test | p. 117 |
| Pathological Conditions affecting the Maxillary Sinus | p. 119 |
| Overview of alternative imaging modalities | p. 119 |
| Maxillary sinus disease frequencies | p. 119 |
| Inflammatory conditions | p. 119 |
| Mucous retention (extravasation) phenomenom | p. 120 |
| Adjacent dental pathoses | p. 120 |
| Benign cysts and neoplasms | p. 121 |
| Other benign radio-opacity | p. 121 |
| Dysplastic conditions affecting the maxillary sinuses | p. 124 |
| Detection of maxillary sinus malignant neoplasia | p. 124 |
| Summary | p. 128 |
| References | p. 128 |
| Test | p. 130 |
| Panoramic Radiology: Endodontic Considerations | p. 133 |
| Periapical Pathoses | p. 133 |
| Providing a Comprehensive Radiographic | |
| Overview | p. 136 |
| Follow Up Evaluation | p. 138 |
| Maxillary Sinus Disease Related to Endodontic Therapy | p. 138 |
| Endo-antral syndrome | p. 138 |
| Aspergillosis | p. 139 |
| Conditions that May Simulate Dental | |
| Periapical Pathoses | p. 140 |
| Conclusion | p. 141 |
| References | p. 141 |
| Test | p. 142 |
| Panoramic Radiology of Pericoronal Pathoses | p. 143 |
| Follicular Cysts | p. 143 |
| Envelopmental Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumor | p. 145 |
| Ameloblastoma | p. 146 |
| Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor | p. 146 |
| Ameloblastic Fibroma and Fibro-odontoma | p. 147 |
| Odontogenic Myxoma | p. 147 |
| Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst | p. 147 |
| Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor | p. 148 |
| Malignancies Associated with Envelopmental Radiolucencies | p. 148 |
| Regional Odontodysplasia | p. 148 |
| Cherubism | p. 148 |
| Cyst Boundaries in Radiologic Differentiation | p. 151 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 151 |
| References | p. 151 |
| Test | p. 153 |
| Panoramic Radiology in Maxillofacial Trauma | p. 155 |
| Fractures of Teeth and Alveolar Bone | p. 155 |
| Fractures of the Body and Angle of the Mandible | p. 155 |
| Dental Impactions as Predisposing Factors to Mandibular Fracture | p. 157 |
| Panoramic Radiographs in Third Molar Assessment for Relationship to the Inferior Dental Canal | p. 158 |
| Panoramic Radiographs and Mandibular Fracture Assessment | p. 159 |
| Roles of Computed Tomography and Panoramic Radiology in Mandibular | |
| Fracture Detection | p. 160 |
| Pathological Jaw Fracture | p. 163 |
| Foreign Body Detection | p. 163 |
| Fractures of the Maxilla | p. 163 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 164 |
| References | p. 165 |
| Test | p. 166 |
| Panoramic Radiographic Detection of Systemic Disease | p. 167 |
| Detection of Carotid Artery Disease and also by Inference, Coronary Artery Disease | p. 167 |
| Osteoporosis | p. 171 |
| Evidence Supporting Panoramic Radiographs to Screen for Osteoporosis | p. 171 |
| Evidence Against Using Panoramic Radiographs to Screen for Osteoporosis | p. 173 |
| Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease | p. 173 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | p. 174 |
| Hyperparathyroidism | p. 174 |
| Specific Infections | p. 176 |
| Tuberculosis | p. 176 |
| Syphilis | p. 176 |
| Metastatic Malignancies | p. 178 |
| Concluding Remarks | p. 179 |
| References | p. 179 |
| Test | p. 182 |
| Panoramic Radiology: Oncologic Dentistry Considerations | p. 183 |
| What is Oncologic Dentistry? | p. 183 |
| Cancer Therapy Effects on Oral Tissues | p. 186 |
| Oral Mucositis | p. 186 |
| Xerostomia | p. 186 |
| Periodontal Disease | p. 186 |
| Osteonecrosis | p. 186 |
| Childhood Therapy | p. 191 |
| Dental Restorations Affecting Radiation | |
| Therapy Planning and Application | p. 192 |
| Dental Outcomes | p. 192 |
| References | p. 193 |
| Test | p. 194 |
| Cephalometric Attachments Are Not Only of Value for Orthodontic Assessment | p. 195 |
| Lateral Skull Projection | p. 195 |
| Posterior-Anterior (PA) Projection | p. 195 |
| Occipitomental Projection (Waters' Technique) | p. 197 |
| Reverse Towne Projection | p. 198 |
| Submentovertex Projection | p. 198 |
| Lateral-Oblique Projection of the Jaws | p. 200 |
| Test | p. 202 |
| Selected Abstracts | p. 205 |
| Dental Caries Assessment | p. 205 |
| Periodontal Disease Assessment | p. 205 |
| Endodontics | p. 206 |
| Selection Criteria | p. 206 |
| Safety and Risk | p. 207 |
| Digital Imaging | p. 208 |
| Dental Implants | p. 209 |
| Prosthodontics | p. 210 |
| Orthodontics | p. 210 |
| Growth and Maturity | p. 212 |
| Oncologic Dentistry | p. 214 |
| Jaw Fractures | p. 214 |
| Dental Impactions | p. 215 |
| Dental Anomalies | p. 218 |
| Jaw Pathoses | p. 220 |
| Systemic Diseases | p. 221 |
| Test | p. 223 |
| Frequently Asked Questions About Panoramic Radiography | p. 225 |
| Panoramic Radiology Corporation staff led | |
| Subject Index | p. 229 |
| Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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