This book sets out to redress the balance of history in favor of the peasants. Reminding us that peasants made up the vast majority of the population in medieval Europe, Rösener's research illustrates that their lives were just as complex and interesting as those of the nobility.Rösener first considers the social, economic and political foundations of peasant life, in particular how occupational and land divisions determined the relative freedom of the rural population. At the height of the Middle Ages, the peasant condition improved as the seigneurial system was gradually replaced by tenant farming and progress in agricultural technology increased productivity. Peasant colonists now left overcrowded villages to farm less fertile or barely populated terrains. Forms of village settlement diversified and relationships among the peasants developed into more complex communal networks. Changes were also apparent in the quality and variety of clothing and the design of farmhouses and farmyards. The author also sheds new light on successful peasants who owned land and began to form "peasant republics" independent of the nobility. As the peasant population swelled, however, economic and ecological concerns became of vital importance to a community which derived its living from the soil.This book is a lively refutation of those preconceptions which see peasant existence either as a rural idyll or a life of unmitigated oppression and poverty. Rösener's detailed study has unearthed a rich peasant culture which flourished alongside and was frequently in conflict with the medieval nobility.Peasants in the Middle Ages will be welcomed by historians of medieval Europe and by sociologists and anthropologists interested in the Middle Ages or comparative studies.

Werner Rosner, Justus-Liebig-Universitat, Germany

Translator's Introduction.art I: Medieval Peasantry: Origins and Development:ntroduction.The Foundations of the Medieval Peasantry.The Transformations in the High Middle Ages.art II: Patterns of Peasant Settlement and Dwelling, 1000-1400:. Nature and Environment, Clearance and Settlement.Changes in the Village.Peasant House and Holding.art III: Peasant Clothing, Food and Work, 1000-1400:. Clothing and Food.Agricultural Implements, Land Utilization and Agrarian Development.Peasant Labour and Economy.art IV: Social Patterns, 1000-1400:. Neighbourhood and Village Community.0. Peasant Family and Kinship.1. The Social Stratification of the Peasant Population.art V: Manorial Relations and Law, 1000-1400:2. Manorial Dependence.3. Peasant Freedom and Independent Peasant Communities.4. Peasant Revolts and Resistance, 1000-1400.art VI: The Upheavals of the Late Middle Ages:5. The Peasants and the Agrarian Crisis.otes.elect Bibliography.lossary.ndex.