From the 1880s to the 1940s, an upsurge of explosive pogroms caused much pain and suffering across the eastern borderlands of Europe. Rioters attacked Jewish property and caused physical harm to women and children. During World War I and the Russian Civil War, pogrom violence turned into
full-blown military actions. In some cases, pogroms wiped out of existence entire Jewish communities. More generally, they were part of a larger story of destruction, ethnic purification, and coexistence that played out in the region over a span of some six decades.

Pogroms: A Documentary History surveys the complex history of anti-Jewish violence by bringing together archival and published sources--many appearing for the first time in English translation. The documents assembled here include eyewitness testimony, oral histories, diary excerpts, literary works,
trial records, and press coverage. They also include memos and field reports authored by army officials, investigative commissions, humanitarian organizations, and government officials. This landmark volume and its distinguished roster of scholars provides an unprecedented view of the history of
pogroms.

Eugene M. Avrutin is the Tobor Family Endowed Professor of Modern European Jewish History at the University of Illinois. He is the author and coeditor of seven books, including The Velizh Affair: Blood Libel in a Russian Town.

Elissa Bemporad is a Professor of History at the Graduate Center, City University of New York. She is co- the author of Becoming Soviet Jews: The Bolshevik Experiment in Minsk.

Acknowledgments
Pogroms: An Introduction // Eugene M. Avrutin and Elissa Bemporad

Chapter 1 Pogroms in Russia's Borderlands, 1881-1884 // Eugene M. Avrutin
1.1 Pogrom in Smela, Kiev Province [1881]
1.2 Leaflets Dropped around Kharkov Inviting People to Commit Anti-Jewish Violence [1881]
1.3 Telegram to the Minister of Internal Affairs from Prince Donbukov (1881)
1.4 Telegram Sent to the Ministry of the Interior from the Rovno Jewish Community (1881)
1.5 Circular Distributed by E. I. Totleben, the Governor-General of Vil'na, to His
Subordinates (1881)
1.6 Observations Made by a Nameless Doctor [1881 or 1882]
1.7 Secret Memo by the Deputy Chief of the Gendarme Department in Chernigov Province (1881)
1.8 Memo Written by the Ekaterinoslav Governor to the Ministry of the Interior (1881)
1.9 The Russo-Jewish Question. A Special Correspondent of the Jewish World (1881)

Chapter 2 The 1898 Anti-Jewish Violence in Habsburg Galicia // Daniel Unowsky
2.1 Pamphlet Widely Disseminated in Western Galicia: Jewish Secrets (1898)
2.2 Election Campaign Promotion from Wieniec Pszczólka (1898)
2.3 Report from the Kalwaria Zebrzydowska District Captain (1898)
2.4 Anti-Jewish Flyers (1898)
2.5 The Lutcza Indictment (1899)
2.6 Three Trial Excerpts (1898)

Chapter 3 Kishinev Pogrom // Steven J. Zipperstein
3.1 On Hayim Nahman Bialik's "City of Killing" (1935)
3.2 Hayim Nahman Bialik, "City of Killing" (1903)
3.3 Testimony of Israel Rossman (1903)
3.4 The Kishinev Pogroms, by Jacob Bernstein-Kogan (1946)
3.5 Solzhenitsyn on the Kishinev Pogrom (2001)
3.6 Pavel Krushevan's Description of Sordid Jewish Economic Activity (1903)
3.7 Pogroms and Lynching (1903)

Chapter 4 1905: Russia's Encounter with Revolution and Pogroms // Robert Weinberg
4.1 Government Inquiry Links Pogrom to Civil Unrest [1906]
4.2 Students, Workers, and Revolutionaries Clash with Soldiers [1906]
4.3 Calm before the Storm [1906]
4.4 The Pogrom Begins [1906]
4.5 Military Commander Describes the Outbreak of Violence [1905]
4.6 The Western Press Describes the Pogrom [1905]
4.7 Eyewitness Accounts of the Odessa Pogrom [1906]
4.8 Government Inquiry Accuses Jews of Inciting the Violence [1906]
4.9 Government Inquiry Accuses City Governor of Malfeasance [1906]
4.10 Testimony Given by Witness Teplitskii to Senator Kuzminskii (1905)

Chapter 5 Pogroms in World War I Russia // Polly Zavadivker
5.1 A Jewish Military Doctor's Account from Galicia (1915)
5.2 S. An-sky Describes the Radivilov Pogrom (1915)
5.3 S. An-sky Witnesses the Aftermath of the Sokal Pogrom and Flight of Jews (1915)
5.4 Causes of the Anti-German Pogrom in Moscow (1915)
5.5 Russian Military Pogroms in Kovno, Vilna, and Minsk Provinces (1915)
5.6 The Rape of Jewish Women during Russian Military Pogroms (1915)
5.7 A Russian Jewish Politician Accuses the Russian Government of Complicity in
the Incitement of Pogroms (1915)
5.8 A Russian Nurse's Notes from the Front [1915 and 1916]
5.9 The Kafafov Circular (1916)
5.10 The First Jewish Pogrom in Siberia (1916)
5.11 A Jewish Soldier Witnesses a Pogrom in Buczacz [1916]

Chapter 6 Anti-Jewish Violence in the Russian Civil War // Jeffrey Veidlinger
6.1 The Proskuriv Pogrom (1919)

Chapter 7 The Female Dimension of Pogrom Violence, 1917-1921 // Elissa Bemporad
7.1 Looting and Rape in Pechora (1919)
7.2 Looting and Rape in Smila (1919)
7.3 Denikin's Forces Depart from Smila (1919)
7.4 The Doctors Speak (1919)
7.5 Malka Lee's Through the Eyes of a Child (1919)
7.6 Rokhl Faygnberg's A Writer's Calling (1929)
7.7 Rokhl Faygnberg's The Destruction of Dubovo: the Chronicle of a Dead City (1921)
7.8 Women as Agents of Violence (1919)

Chapter 8 Documentary Fiction of the Pogroms of the Civil War // Harriet Murav
8.1 Itsik Kipnis's Months and Days (1926)

Chapter 9 Pogroms in Modern Poland, 1918-1946 // Anna Cichopek-Gajraj and Glenn Dynner
9.1 Police Report about the Incidents Involving Policemen in Kraków (1918)
9.2 "The Lemberg Horrors," by Joseph Bendrow (1918)
9.3 Testimony from the Vilna Pogrom (1919)
9.4 Report about the Incidents in Przytyk (1936)
9.5 Prohibition against Making Arrests at Fairs, Markets, and the Like Where the Crowd May Prevent Them (1936)
9.6 The Pogrom in Minsk Mazowiecki (1936)
9.7 Interpolation of Deputy Dr. Emil Sommerstein after Brest on Bug Pogrom (1937)
9.8 Article from the Anticommunist Underground Journal Honor and Fatherland (1946)

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