Polymer Chemistry : Introduction to an Indispensable Science,9780873552219

Polymer Chemistry : Introduction to an Indispensable Science

by
ISBN13: 9780873552219
ISBN10: 0873552210
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-03-01
Publisher(s): Natl Science Teachers Assn
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Table of Contents

Foreword xiii
Preface and Acknowledgments xv
About This Book xvii
Notes on Equations and Units xxiii
Polymer Science Relationships xxiv
Section 1 Introduction
They're Everywhere!
3(10)
Major Types of Polymers
4(3)
The Increasing Importance of Synthetic Polymers
7(2)
``Just One Word''
9(2)
Less Mass, Yet More
11(1)
There Is No Free Lunch
12(1)
References Cited
Other Reading
What Are They?
13(14)
How Big Are They?
15(1)
How Long Is Long Enough?
16(1)
Polymers---Molecules with Unique Properties
17(2)
How Are They Made and How Can We Name Them?
19(4)
Summing Up
23(4)
References Cited
Other Reading
Natural Polymers
27(18)
Proteins
28(6)
Protein Synthesis
Some Specific Types of Proteins
Polynucleotides
34(3)
Chemical Structure
Biochemical Function
Polysaccharides
37(4)
Structure
Function and Properties
An Ocean of Polysaccharides
Natural Rubber
41(1)
Summing Up
42(3)
References Cited
Other Reading
A History of Polymers: The Road to the Plastic Age, and Beyond
45(38)
Before Synthetic Polymers
47(3)
Polymers before World War I
50(8)
Improving Natural Rubber
Behind the Eight Ball---The First True Plastic
The Picture of Things to Come
Other Cellulose Derivatives
The First Synthetic Polymer
Polymer Chemistry Defined by the World Wars
58(8)
What Is a Polymer, Anyway? Call in the Special Forces
Hermann Staudinger and Herman Mark: Who's the Father?
Wallace Carothers and the First Synthetic Fiber
From Globs to Fiber
Chain-Growth Polymers
Polyethylene and the War
It's a Stretch
Down the Slippery Slope
After the Second World War
66(12)
A Whole New Approach to Chain-Growth Polymers
How the Hula Hoop Saved the Day
From Polyethylene to Polypropylene---Stereoregularity
Other Significant Advances
Chain-Growth Copolymers
Conducting Polymers
The Need for Polymers in Electronics
The Influence of Sputnik
Summing Up
78(5)
References Cited
Other Reading
Section 2 Synthesis and Properties
Polymer Synthesis
83(34)
How Do They Grow?
84(1)
A Comparison of Step-Growth and Chain-Growth Polymerizations
84(6)
Step-Growth
Chain-Growth
Comparison of the Two Reactions
Step-Growth Polymerization in More Detail
90(2)
Making PET in the Melt
Interfacial Polycondensation
Chain-Growth Polymerization in More Detail
92(16)
Free Radical Chain Polymerization
Going One Step Better: Emulsion Polymerization
Copolymerization
Ionic Chain Polymerization
It Lives!
Block Copolymerization
Cationic Polymerization
Polymer Stereochemistry: Tacticity
Coordination Polymerization
Coordination Polymerization of 1,3-Dienes
Single-Site (or Metallocene) Catalysts
Living Radical Polymerizations
Other Types of Polymerizations, Polymers
108(6)
Ring-Opening Polymerization
Ring-Opening Olefin Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP)
Dendrimers: Polymers That Look Like Trees
Silicones
Summing Up
114(3)
References Cited
Other Reading
Polymer Solutions and Dispersions
117(16)
Introduction
118(1)
Polymer Solutions
118(3)
Random Coils
Why Won't This Stuff Dissolve?
Thick as Molasses---Viscosity
Gels
121(2)
Things That Stretch or Flow
123(1)
Non-Newtonian Fluids---Weird Behavior
124(2)
Shear-Thinning and Shear-Thickening Fluids
Viscoelastic Fluids
Some Applications of Polymer Solutions and Dispersions
126(4)
Films
Coatings
Oil-Based Paints and Varnishes
Latexes
Summing Up
130(3)
References Cited
Other Reading
Physical Properties
133(26)
The Viscoelastic State
134(1)
Structure and Thermal Properties
135(7)
Amorphous Polymers and the Glass Transition
Crystallinity and Melting
Density
Mechanical Properties
142(2)
Stress-Strain Properties
Toughness and Impact Strength
Improving Polymer Strength
144(6)
Orientation
Making Really Strong Polymers
Tricks for Strengthening Ordinary Polymers
Thermoplastic Elastomers
Additives
150(4)
Plasticizers
Fillers and Reinforcing Agents; Composites
Fibers
Impact Modifiers
Crosslinking or Vulcanizing Agents
Summing Up
154(5)
References Cited
Other Reading
Section 3 Useful Materials
Polymer Processing---Making Useful Materials
159(18)
Melt-Processing of Polymers
160(1)
Injection Molding
161(1)
Injecting Molding Thermoset Polymers; Reaction Injection Molding
162(1)
Bottles and Other Hollow Objects---Blow Molding
162(3)
Cast and Blown Films
165(2)
Thermoforming
167(1)
Foamed Objects
168(1)
Fibers
168(5)
Summing Up
173(4)
References Cited
Other Reading
Disposal, Degradation, and Recycling; Bioplastics
177(26)
The ``Polymer Cycle''
178(1)
The Disposal Phase: What Are Our Options?
179(2)
Just Throw It Away!
Better Yet, Bury It
How Degrading!
181(9)
A Chain Is No Stronger Than Its...
Getting the Bugs Out---The Promise of Monomers from Nature
The Birth of a Bioplastic
Polymer Recycling
190(9)
Some Bright Spots: PET Bottles
Reprocessing PET and Other Polymers: Secondary Recycling
Not Everything Is Easily Recycled
Back to Basics: Tertiary Recycling
Recycling by Thermal Decomposition
Practical Recycling
Summing Up
199(4)
References Cited
Other Reading
A Glimpse of Things to Come
203(54)
How Did We Get Here? Evolution and Revolution
204(1)
A View of the Future: From Inert Polymers to Active Materials to Smart Systems
205(4)
Active Materials
Smart Materials
Materials with a Memory
Thinking Smaller and Smaller: Macro, Micro . . . Nano
209(5)
Materials on the Nano Scale
Nanocomposites
Smaller and Smaller Devices
From Macromolecules to the Supramolecular
214(2)
The Concept of Self-Assembly
216(2)
Summing Up
218(5)
References Cited
Section 4 Demonstrations and Experiments
Introduction
223(2)
Polymer Synthesis
225(13)
Free Radical Polymerization
Interfacial Step-Growth Polymerization: Synthesis of Nylon
Step-Growth Polymerization: Synthesis of Polyesters in the Melt
Step-Growth Polymerization: Synthesis of a Polyurethane Foam
Studies of Solutions and Gels
238(7)
Polymer Precipitation
Gels from Alginic Acid Salts
Solid State Properties
245(7)
Identifying Plastics by their Densities
Experiments with Films
Sources of Additional Experiments and Demonstrations
252(5)
Glossary 257(8)
Index 265

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