
Principles of Linguistic Change, Volume 3 Cognitive and Cultural Factors
by Labov, William-
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Summary
Author Biography
Table of Contents
List of Figures | |
List of Tables | |
Foreword | |
Preface | |
Abbreviations | |
Introduction to Cognitive and Cultural Factors in Linguistic Change | |
Cognitive Factors | |
Cultural Factors in Linguistic Change | |
Convergence and Divergence | |
The Darwinian Paradox Revisited | |
Divergence and the Central Dogma | |
The Community Orientation of Language Learning | |
The Argument of this Volume | |
The English Vowel System and the Major Chain Shifts of North American English | |
Cross-Dialectal Comprehension | |
Natural Misunderstandings | |
The Collection of Natural Misunderstandings | |
Modes of Correction | |
How Common Are Misunderstandings? | |
What Is the Role of Sound Change in Misunderstanding? | |
The Linguistic Focus of the Misunderstandings | |
The Effect of Mergers | |
Chain Shifts | |
Philadelphia Sound Changes | |
r-less vs r-ful Dialects | |
Sound Changes General to North America | |
An Overview of Natural Misunderstandings | |
A Controlled Experiment on Vowel Identification | |
The Peterson-Barney Experiment | |
Replicating the Peterson-Barney Experiment | |
Overall Success in Identification | |
Responses to the Chicago Speakers | |
Responses to the Birmingham Speakers | |
Responses to the Philadelphia Speakers | |
Overview | |
The Gating Experiments | |
Construction of the Gating Experiments | |
Overall Responses to the Gating Experiments | |
Comprehension of the Northern Cities Shift in Chicago | |
Recognition of Chicago Sound Changes in the Word Context | |
The Effect of Lexical Equivalence | |
Comprehension of Southern Sound Changes in Birmingham | |
Comprehension of Philadelphia Sound Changes | |
Overview of the Gating Experiments | |
The Life History of Linguistic Change | |
Triggering Events | |
Bends in the Chain of Causality | |
Causes of the Canadian Shift | |
Causes of the Pittsburgh Shift | |
Causes of the Low Back Merger | |
The Fronting of /uw/ | |
The Northern Cities Shift | |
An Overview of Triggering Events | |
Governing Principles | |
The Constraints Problem | |
The (Ir)Reversibility of Mergers | |
The Geographic Expansion of Mergers in North America | |
Principles Governing Chain Shifts | |
Principles Governing Chain Shifting within Subsystems | |
How Well Do Governing Principles Govern? | |
Forks in the Road | |
The Concept of Forks in the Road | |
The Two-Stage Model of Dialect Divergence | |
The Fronting and Backing of Short a | |
Divergent Development of the /o/ | |
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved. |
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