Psychology Applied to Work: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology,9780495093237

Psychology Applied to Work: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology

by
Edition: 8th
ISBN13: 9780495093237
ISBN10: 0495093238
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2005-09-08
Publisher(s): Wadsworth Publishing
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Summary

Now in its eighth edition, PSYCHOLOGY APPLIED TO WORK has established itself as the standard for textbooks in introductory industrial and organizational psychology. Written by Paul Muchinsky a recognized expert and award winning teacher -- this text provides the most comprehensive resource available for I/O students: a research-based text coupled with the most relevant and contemporary applications of today's workplace issues. Case studies, field notes, and real company examples in every chapter illustrate and bring to life the relevance of I/O psychology to students' daily lives. The Eighth Edition of Muchinsky is accompanied by a dramatically expanded selection of media ancillaries for instructors, and improved student supplements.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 The Historical Background of I/O Psychology 1(21)
Industrial/Organizational Psychology
2(3)
Fields of I/0 Psychology
4(1)
Licensing of Psychologists
5(1)
The History of I/O Psychology
6(13)
The Early Years (1900-1916)
6(3)
World War I (1917-1918)
9(2)
Between the Wars (1919-1940)
11(2)
World War II (1941-1945)
13(1)
Toward Specialization (1946-1963)
14(1)
Government Intervention (1964–1993)
14(2)
The Information Age (1994–Present)
16(1)
Overview
17(6)
The Changing Nature of Work: I/O Psychology and 9/11/01
18(1)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology
19(1)
The Mandate of I/O Psychology
20(1)
Chapter Summary
21(1)
Web Resources
21(1)
Chapter 2 Research Methods in I/0 Psychology 22(34)
The Empirical Research Process
23(24)
Statement of the Problem
23(2)
Design of the Research Study
25(1)
Primary Research Methods
26(4)
Cross-Cultural 1/0 Psychology: Cross-Cultural Research
29(1)
Secondary Research Methods
30(2)
Qualitative Research
32(2)
Measurement of Variables
34(1)
Analysis of Data
35(10)
Conclusions from Research
45(16)
Field Note 1: Researcher As Detective
47(1)
Ethical Issues in Research
47(2)
Research in Industry
49(6)
The Changing Nature of Work: Genetic Research
50(1)
Field Note 2: An Ethical Dilemma
51(2)
Field Note 3: Win the Battle but Lose the War
53(1)
Case Study How Should I Study This?
54(1)
Chapter Summary
55(1)
Web Resources
55(1)
Chapter 3 Criteria: Standards for Decision Making 56(34)
Conceptual Versus Actual Criteria
58(1)
Criterion Deficiency, Relevance, and Contamination
59(2)
Job Analysis
61(14)
Sources of Job Information
61(1)
Job Analysis Procedures
62(3)
How to Collect Job Analysis Information
65(6)
Field Note 1: A Memorable Lesson
67(1)
Field Note 2: Unintentional Obstruction of Work
68(3)
Managerial Job Analysis
71(1)
Uses of Job Analysis Information
72(1)
Evaluating Job Analysis Methods
73(1)
Competency Modeling
73(2)
Job Evaluation
75(2)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Wage Rates Around the World
75(1)
Methods of Job Evaluation
76(1)
Job Performance Criteria
77(9)
Eight Major Job Performance Criteria
78(6)
Field Note 3: Theft of Waste
82(1)
The Changing Nature of Work: The New Recipe for Success
83(1)
Relationships Among Job Performance Criteria
84(1)
Dynamic Performance Criteria
85(1)
Expanding Our View of Criteria
86(2)
Case Study Theft of Company Property
87(1)
Chapter Summary
88(1)
Web Resources
89(1)
Chapter 4 Predictors: Psychological Assessments 90(48)
Assessing the Quality of Predictors
91(7)
Reliability
91(2)
Validity
93(5)
Predictor Development
98(1)
Psychological Tests and inventories
99(2)
History of Psychological Testing
99(1)
Types of Tests
100(1)
Ethical Standards in Testing
101(1)
Sources of Information About Testing
101(2)
Test Content
103(10)
Intelligence Tests
103(1)
Mechanical Aptitude Tests
104(1)
Field Note 1: What Is Intelligence?
105(1)
Sensory/Motor Ability Tests
105(2)
Personality Inventories
107(2)
Integrity Tests
109(1)
Physical Abilities Testing
110(1)
Multiple-Aptitude Test Batteries
111(1)
Computerized Adaptive Testing
111(2)
Current Issues in Testing
113(1)
The Value of Testing
114(1)
Interviews
115(3)
Degree of Structure
115(1)
Situational Interviews
116(5)
The Changing Nature of Work: Video-Interpretive Assessment
118(1)
Assessment Centers
118(3)
Work Samples and Situational Exercises
121(1)
Work Samples
121(1)
Situational Exercises
121(1)
Biographical Information
122(2)
Letters of Recommendation
124(2)
Field Note 2: Inappropriate Question?
125(1)
Field Note 3: Intentional Deception in Letters of Recommendation
126(1)
Drug Testing
126(2)
New or Controversial Methods of Assessment
128(3)
Polygraph or Lie Detection
128(1)
Graphology
129(1)
Tests of Emotional Intelligence
129(2)
Overview and Evaluation of Predictors
131(5)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Cross-Cultural Preferences in Assessing Job Applicants
133(1)
Case Study How Do We Hire Police Officers?
134(2)
Chapter Summary
136(1)
Web Resources
137(1)
Chapter 5 Personnel Decisions 138(43)
The Social Context for Personnel Decisions
139(2)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Cross-Cultural Preferences in Ideal Job Candidates
141(1)
The Legal Context for Personnel Decisions
141(8)
Civil Rights Act of 1964
141(1)
Americans With Disabilities Act
142(1)
Adverse Impact
143(2)
Major Court Cases
145(1)
Societal Values and Employment Law
146(1)
Affirmative Action
147(2)
Recruitment
149(3)
Field Note 1: The Left-Handed Dentist
152(1)
A Model of Personnel Decisions
152(2)
Regression Analysis
154(4)
Multiple Predictors
155(2)
Multiple Regression Analysis
157(1)
Validity Generalization
158(2)
A Model of Performance
160(1)
Personnel Selection
161(13)
Selection Decisions
165(3)
Field Note 2: Raising the Bar
167(1)
Determination of the Cutoff Score
168(4)
Field Note 3: Dirty Politics
171(1)
Overview of Personnel Selection
172(4)
The Changing Nature of Work: Affirmative Action and the Conduct of Work
174(1)
Test Utility and Organizational Efficiency
174(2)
Placement and Classification
176(3)
Case Study Just Give Me a Chance
177(2)
Chapter Summary
179(1)
Web Resources
180(1)
Chapter 6 Organizational Learning 181(32)
Learning and Task Performance
182(3)
The Pretraining Environment
185(1)
The Changing Nature of Work: The Pretraining Environment and Workplace Safety
185(1)
Assessing Training Needs
186(4)
Organizational Analysis
187(1)
Task Analysis
188(1)
Person Analysis
189(1)
Methods and Techniques of Training
190(5)
Computer-Based Training
191(1)
Field Note 1: Distance Learning
192(2)
Non—Computer-Based Training
194(1)
Management Development Issues
195(10)
Cultural Diversity Training
197(3)
Sexual Harassment Training
200(2)
Mentoring
202(2)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: The Acceptability of Mentoring Across Cultures
203(1)
Executive Coaching
204(1)
The Posttraining Environment
205(2)
Field Note 2: The Willingness to Be Trained
206(1)
Evaluation Criteria of Training Programs
207(5)
Case Study Yet Again
211(1)
Chapter Summary
212(1)
Web Resources
212(1)
Chapter 7 Performance Management 213(35)
Using the Results of Performance Appraisals
215(3)
Performance Appraisal and the Law
218(1)
Theory of Person Perception
219(1)
Sources of Performance Appraisal Information
220(13)
Objective Production Data
221(1)
Field Note 1: What Is "High" Performance?
222(1)
Personnel Data
222(1)
Judgmental Data
223(14)
Field Note 2: Good Research Isn't Cheap
232(1)
Rater Training
233(1)
Rater Motivation
234(2)
Field Note 3: Are High Ratings a "Problem"?
235(1)
Contextual Performance
236(1)
Self- and Peer Assessments
237(2)
Self-Assessments
237(1)
Peer Assessments
238(1)
360-Degree Feedback
239(4)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Cultural Differences in the Acceptability of Multisource Feedback
241(2)
The Changing Nature of Work: The Use of Multisource Feedback in Evaluating Students
243(1)
Feedback of Appraisal Information to Employees
243(2)
Concluding Comments
245(1)
Case Study What Do You Do with Poor Performers?
245(1)
Chapter Summary
246(1)
Web Resources
247(1)
Chapter 8 Organizations and Organizational Change 248(36)
Three Theories of Organizations
250(5)
Classical Theory
250(2)
Neoclassical Theory
252(1)
Systems Theory
253(2)
Organizational Structure
255(4)
Coordinating Mechanisms
255(2)
The Five Basic Parts of an Organization
257(2)
Components of Social Systems
259(7)
Roles
260(1)
The Changing Nature of Work: Jobs Versus Roles
260(1)
Norms
261(2)
Organizational Culture
263(3)
Field Note 1: A Clear Message
265(1)
Summary of Social System Components
266(1)
Global Organizations
266(4)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Four Dimensions on Which Cultures Can Differ
269(1)
Organizational Change
270(7)
Organization Development
270(1)
Reorganizing and Downsizing
271(3)
Field Note 2: Over-Downsizing
271(3)
Empowerment
274(1)
Six Sigma
275(18)
Field Note 3: Students as Customers?
276(1)
Overcoming Organizational Resistance to Change
277(2)
An Example of the Need for Organizational Change
279(3)
Case Study The Relative Value of Frogs Versus Grass
281(1)
Chapter Summary
282(1)
Web Resources
283(1)
Chapter 9 Teams and Teamwork 284(27)
Origins of Work Teams
285(2)
Level of Analysis
287(1)
Types of Teams
288(2)
The Changing Nature of Work: Multiteam Systems
290(1)
Principles of Teamwork
290(1)
Team Structure
291(2)
Team Processes
293(8)
Socialization
294(1)
Interpersonal Processes in Teams
295(3)
Field Note 1: Orchestrated Conflict
296(2)
Shared Mental Models
298(2)
Decision Making in Teams
300(1)
Virtual Teams
301(3)
Field Note 2: "What's a Good Time to Get Together?"
302(1)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Human Interaction in Virtual Teams
303(1)
Personnel Selection for Teams
304(2)
Training for Teams
306(1)
Performance Appraisal ire Teams
307(1)
Field Note 3: Teams in Education
308(1)
Concluding Comments
308(2)
Case Study The Grenoble Marketing Company
309(1)
Chapter Summary
310(1)
Web Resources
311(1)
Chapter 10 Organizational Attitudes and Behavior 311(33)
Job Satisfaction
313(5)
Changing Nature of Work: Emotions in the Workplace
317(1)
Job Involvement
318(3)
Organizational Commitment
t319
Organizational Justice
321(5)
Distributive Justice
322(1)
Procedural Justice
323(2)
Field Note 1: What Is "Fair"?
324(1)
Interactional Justice
325(1)
Organizational Citizenship Behavior
326(2)
The Psychological Contract
328(5)
Violations of the Psychological Contract
330(3)
Field Note 2: Mutual Expectations
332(1)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Cross-Cultural Influences on Organizational Attitudes and Behavior
333(1)
Individual Responses to Downsizing
333(3)
Terminated Personnel
334(1)
Surviving Personnel
334(3)
Field Note 3: The Loss of Resources
335(1)
The Psychology of Mergers and Acquisitions
336(1)
Antisocial Behavior in the Workplace
337(5)
Violence in the Workplace
338(13)
Case Study Where Should the Axe Fall?
341(1)
Chapter Summary
342(1)
Web Resources
343(1)
Chapter 11 Occupational Health 344(36)
The Origins of Occupational Health
345(3)
Field Note 1: The Meaning of Work
347(1)
Environmental Influences on Mental Health
348(1)
The Concept of Mental Health
349(2)
Work Stress
351(7)
A Model of Stress
352(6)
Field Note 2: Just Waiting Can Be Stressful
355(3)
Prevention and Intervention
358(1)
Work/Family Conflict
358(5)
The Changing Nature of Work: Occupational Health and National Policy
361(2)
Dual-Career Families
363(2)
Work Schedules
365(4)
Shift Work
365(2)
Flexible Working Hours
367(1)
Compressed Workweek
368(1)
Alcoholism and Drug Abuse in the Workplace
369(2)
The Psychological Effects of Unemployment
371(3)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Unemployment in China
372(2)
Child Labor and Exploitation
374(3)
Field Note 3: Child Labor by U.S. Companies
375(2)
Concluding Comments
377(1)
Case Study Two Siblings, Two Lifestyles
377(1)
Chapter Summary
378(1)
Web Resources
379(1)
Chapter 12 Work Motivation 380(39)
Five Critical Concepts in Motivation
381(2)
The Changing Nature of Work: The Work Motivation of Older Employees
382(1)
Work Motivation Theories
383(27)
Need Hierarchy Theory
384(3)
Equity Theory
387(5)
Field Note 1: Equity Theory Applied to Baseball
391(1)
Expectancy Theory
392(4)
Reinforcement Theory
396(3)
Goal-Setting Theory
399(4)
Field Note 2: What Gets Rewarded?
400(3)
Self-Regulation Theory
403(3)
Field Note 3: Conscious or Nonconscious Self-Regulation?
406(1)
Work Design Theory
406(4)
Overview and Synthesis of Work Motivation Theories
410(5)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Cross-Cultural Differences in Incentives
414(1)
The Application of Motivational Strategies
415(3)
Case Study What to Do with Harry?
416(2)
Chapter Summary
418(1)
Web Resources
418(1)
Chapter 13 Leadership 419(29)
Major Topics in Leadership Research
421(3)
Positional Power
421(1)
The Leader
421(1)
The Led
422(1)
The Influence Process
422(1)
The Situation
423(1)
Leader Emergence Versus Leader Effectiveness
423(1)
Overview
423(1)
Theoretical Approaches to Leadership
424(15)
The Trait Approach
424(2)
The Behavioral Approach
426(1)
The Power and Influence Approach
427(5)
The Situational Approach
432(2)
Field Note 1: Participation As Shared Power
433(1)
Transformational and Charismatic Leadership
434(3)
Field Note 2: Use of Props by Leaders
436(1)
The Implicit Leadership Theory
437(1)
Substitutes for Leadership
438(1)
Points of Convergence Among Approaches
439(2)
Field Note 3: One CEO's Office
441(1)
Cross-Cultural Leadership Issues
441(2)
The Changing Nature of Work: e-Leadership
442(1)
Diversity Issues in Leadership
443(2)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Self-Protective Leadership Style
444(1)
Concluding Comments
445(2)
Case Study Which Direction Should We Follow?
445(2)
Chapter Summary
447(1)
Web Resources
447(1)
Chapter 14 Union/Management Relations 448(32)
What Is a Union?
450(2)
Field Note 1: Why Study Unions?
451(1)
Field Note 2: Is History Repeating Itself?
452(1)
Unions As Organizations
452(1)
The Formation of a Union
453(2)
The Labor Contract
455(10)
Collective Bargaining and Impasse Resolution
457(2)
Responses to Impasse
459(4)
Field Note 3: Overuse of Arbitration?
460(3)
Grievances
463(2)
Influence of Unions on Nonunionized Companies
465(1)
Behavioral Research on Union/Management Relations
465(7)
Employee Support for Unions
465(2)
Union Influence
467(1)
Dispute Settlement
468(1)
Commitment to the Union
469(3)
Cross-Cultural I/O Psychology: Cross-National Labor Unions?
470(2)
I/O Psychology and Industrial Relations
472(5)
The Changing Nature of Work: Union Influence on Personnel Selection
473(4)
Concluding Comments
477(2)
Case Study Should We Let in a Labor Union?
477(2)
Chapter Summary
479(1)
Web Resources
479(1)
Glossary 480(11)
References 491(38)
Name Index 529(12)
Subject Index 541

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