A fascinating account of how Shakespeare's works were understood and valued by readers and writers from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, before Shakespeare's biography came to dominate readings of his plays and poetry.

For almost two centuries, Shakespeare had no biography. Neither did his life have a timeline, and historians and archivists did not have the materials to make one. His canon did not include the Sonnets, his only work written in the first person. In sum, the cornerstones of modern Shakespeare criticism were simply not there. Does this mean that Shakespeare was not valued or understood until after 1800?

Each of the four chapters focuses on one of those critical absences. Margreta de Grazia explores the anecdotes that were published in Shakespeare's first 'Life' (1709), which would be largely invalidated by later scholars, and the ways in which a chronology of Shakespeare's plays was established, mirroring popular conceptions of Shakespeare's life as his work progressed from early comedy to late romance. The last two chapters consider the lack of surviving documents that relate to Shakespeare's life and the search of scholars for archival materials that would further evidence Shakespeare, and the role of the Sonnets--almost lost after Shakespeare's death--in the unfolding of this literary life.

Margreta de Grazia, Emerita Sheli Z. and Burton X. Rosenberg Professor of the Humanities, University of Pennsylvania

Margreta de Grazia is Emerita Sheli Z. and Burton X. Rosenberg Professor of the Humanities at the University of Pennsylvania. She is the author of Shakespeare Verbatim (Oxford University Press, 1991), 'Hamlet' without Hamlet (Cambridge University Press, 2007) and Four Shakespearean Period Pieces (University of Chicago Press, 2021).