Sounds of Silence : Empty Elements in Syntax and Phonology

by Hartmann; Hegedus; van Riemsdijk

ISBN13: 9780080466149

ISBN10: 0080466141

Format: Hardcover

Pub. Date: 2008-04-01

Publisher(s): Elsevier Science & Technology

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Summary

Sounds of Silence: Empty elements in syntax and phonology In the early 80s, largely due to Chomskys Lectures on Government and Binding and ensuing research, a kind of encompassing theory of empty elements had emerged. This theory was largely concerned with silent subjects, silent pronominals, and various kinds of traces of movement. Since then, however, the picture has become more blurred. More types of empty elements were proposed, ellipsis phenomena began to receive some attention, and interface issues arose: are silent elements silent due to deletion (or failure to be spelled out) at the phonetic interface or are they independently existing items in the lexicon that simply fail to have a phonetic form? Furthermore, silent elements are also ubiquitous in phonology and similar questions arise: can syllables have empty nuclei, can segments fail to be pronounced when they are not properly attached to a slot in a (supra-) segmental structure? Sounds of Silence is an attempt to bring together a number of original contributions that all address such questions. And while a new encompassing theory is not yet in sight, this book helps pave the way.

Introduction	p. 1
Silence in Phonology	p. 2
Silence in Syntax	p. 4
The Contributions	p. 8
Papers on (Morpho-)Phonology	p. 8
Papers on Syntax	p. 12
Papers on (Moprho-)Phonology
A Typology of Emptiness in Templates	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
A framework for Empty Categories	p. 24
Background assumptions	p. 24
The CV model of phonological representation and structured templates	p. 26
Types of Empty Categories	p. 28
Berber States: outline of the problem	p. 30
Language particular observations	p. 32
Vowel system and glides	p. 32
Noun classes	p. 34
The left periphery: most common noun types	p. 35
Two positions at the left periphery	p. 35
The masculine plural	p. 38
On the reality of the initial CV unit	p. 41
Below the left edge of the noun	p. 43
Masculine nouns	p. 44
Feminine nouns	p. 45
A speculative outlook: the maximal structure of an inflected noun	p. 47
Regularizing exceptions: the case of vowel-initial nouns	p. 50
Conclusion	p. 54
Empty Elements in Schwa, Liaison and H-aspire: The French Holy Trinity Revisited	p. 61
Introduction	p. 61
Preliminaries on Schwa, Liaison and H-aspire	p. 62
Schwa	p. 62
Liaison	p. 64
H-aspire	p. 65
Types of empty elements	p. 67
Schwa	p. 70
Inadequacy of the syllabic approach to the distribution of schwa	p. 70
A perception-based alternative	p. 73
Empty vowels and lexical distinctions	p. 79
Liaison	p. 81
Arguments against a word-final analysis of liaison consonants	p. 82
Acquisition	p. 82
Liaison consonants separated by pauses or words	p. 84
Acoustic and perceptual characteristics of liaison consonants	p. 86
Arguments supporting the word-final status of liaison consonants	p. 87
Liaison vs. derivation and productivity	p. 87
Liaison without enchainement	p. 89
H-aspire	p. 90
Conclusions	p. 95
On Little n, [check mark], and Types of Nouns	p. 105
Introduction	p. 105
A class of French nouns and the identification of their Roots	p. 106
Gender in French	p. 110
Root and Gender	p. 112
Yiddish nouns	p. 117
The Reyzen-Bochner-Perlmutter paradox	p. 117
Gender, Number; the evidence	p. 120
Gender, Number; a perspective	p. 123
Derivations	p. 126
Straightforward derivations	p. 126
Another source for plurals	p. 129
More 'derivational' plurals	p. 130
Independent evidence	p. 134
Denominal adjectives	p. 134
Umlaut	p. 135
Concluding remarks	p. 140
Why the Prosodic Hierarchy is a Diacritic and Why the Interface Must be Direct	p. 145
Introduction	p. 145
The Roots of Autosegmental Prosodic Domains	p. 148
From Boundaries to Domains: a historical choice that has almost gone unnoticed	p. 149
What Boundaries are: diacritic and local	p. 149
Prosodic Phonology is a child of Autosegmentalism: Boundaries are ugly, Domains are beautiful	p. 150
The (absence of) discussion of boundaries in the prosodic phonology literature	p. 151
Indirect reference, mapping and the buffer	p. 154
Indirect reference and the buffer: morpho-syntactic structure in a diacritic coat	p. 155
The Buffer and its construction workers: mapping rules and the black box	p. 155
The Buffer is a diacritic - an autosegmental diacritic	p. 157
Good and bad reasons for indirect reference	p. 160
The Buffer appears to be redundant: it needs a real good motivation	p. 160
A good reason: modularity	p. 161
A bad reason: Non-Isomorphism	p. 162
Domain abuse I: there is no argument when Phonology refers to Boundaries instead of Domains	p. 164
Domain abuse II: theoretical units are confused with descriptive categories	p. 166
Conclusion so far: translation yes, buffer no	p. 168
Direct Interface	p. 168
No mediation: only domestic phonological objects can be the output of the Translator's Office	p. 169
Representational and procedural labour of the Translator's Office	p. 170
Direct Interface, SPE and Distributed Morphology	p. 171
Modularity and OT	p. 172
Restrictions on representational intervention	p. 173
Direct Interface in CVCV	p. 177
Background: CVCV	p. 177
Predictions made by CVCV regarding the Interface	p. 180
Conclusion	p. 184
Papers on Syntax
On Successive Cyclic Movement and the Freezing Effect of Feature Checking	p. 195
Introduction	p. 195
Approaches to Successive Cyclic Movement	p. 196
Morphologically realized intermediate Agreement under Wh-movement	p. 206
Why is intermediate feature checking disallowed?	p. 216
Conclusion	p. 230
Resumption, relativization, null objects and information structure	p. 235
Introduction	p. 235
Resumption under (apparent) Wh-movement	p. 236
The basic observation	p. 236
More facts: clitic doubling and information structure	p. 237
Making sense	p. 240
The "unlyrical" such that and its Kind Cousin	p. 246
Resumption asymmetries in restrictive relatives: the role of the (in)definiteness of the head	p. 249
The head-raising analysis of restrictive relative Clauses	p. 250
Two types of restrictive relative clauses	p. 252
Conclusion	p. 260
ATB distribution of in-situ wh-phrases: a case for the null operator approach to wh-in-situ phrases in Japanese	p. 265
Introduction	p. 265
Wh-in-situ and CSC Effects	p. 267
English	p. 271
Move F and Move P	p. 271
Agree	p. 272
When C[superscript 0] has two [+Q] features for the in-situ wh-phrases	p. 272
When C[superscript 0] has one [+Q] feature for the in-situ wh-phrases	p. 272
ATB movement and sideward movement	p. 275
Japanese	p. 277
Theoretical implications and remaining issues	p. 279
Theoretical implications	p. 279
No LF movement of the residue of a wh-phrase	p. 279
Occurrence of a null operator in wh-adjuncts	p. 280
Remaining issues	p. 281
D-linked wh-phrases	p. 281
Some variation in judgments	p. 283
Summary	p. 284
The theory of head movement and cyclic Spell Out	p. 289
Introduction	p. 289
Head Movement in Checking Theory	p. 291
Recent reactions	p. 296
The proposal	p. 298
The Re-Merge and Project Hypothesis	p. 298
Projection of moved heads: An argument for possibility	p. 298
What the RPH buys	p. 299
Head Movement and Cyclic Spell Out	p. 301
Phase evacuation and head movement	p. 301
Labels and checking	p. 306
Head-based cyclic Spell Out	p. 314
Consequences and Conclusions	p. 321
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Sounds of Silence : Empty Elements in Syntax and Phonology

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Sounds of Silence : Empty Elements in Syntax and Phonology

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