The Spectral Tarsier,9780131893320

The Spectral Tarsier

by ;
ISBN13: 9780131893320
ISBN10: 0131893327
Format: Nonspecific Binding
Pub. Date: 2005-11-30
Publisher(s): ROUTLEDGE
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Summary

Part of Prentice Hall's Primate Field Studies series.The Spectral Tariershares the results of long-term field study by Sharon L. Gursky with a broad audience.

Table of Contents

List of Figures xi
List of Tables xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
1 Taxonomic History 1(6)
2 Field Site and Data Collection Methods 7(30)
Field Site
8(7)
Geological History of Sulawesi
8(1)
Present-day Sulawesi
8(1)
Tangkoko Dua Saudara Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi
9(6)
Physical Setting
9(1)
Climate
9(1)
Flora
9(2)
Fauna
11(3)
Human Population
14(1)
Tourism
14(1)
Methods
15(8)
Locating Tarsier Groups
17(2)
Mistnetting
19(1)
Radio Tracking
20(1)
Justification for Radio Telemetry
21(1)
Bird-Banding
22(1)
Habituation
23(1)
Data Collection Methods
23(12)
Focal Follows and Locational Data
23(2)
Physical Measurements and Condition
25(1)
Insect Sampling and Identification
25(1)
Demographic Data Collection
26(6)
Vegetation Analyses
32(1)
Rainfall and Temperature
32(1)
Moon Phase
32(1)
Predation Experiments
33(2)
Infant Predation Experiments
33(1)
Adult Predator Experiments
33(2)
Ad libitum
35(1)
Data Analysis
35(1)
Statistical Autocorrelation Between Data Points
35(1)
Chapter Summary
36(1)
3 Ecological and Social Factors Selecting for Gregariousness: Group Size and Composition, Moonphase, and Predators 37(46)
Group Size and Composition
38(10)
Gregariousness and Group Cohesiveness
48(8)
Predators/Predation
56(8)
Infants and Predators
64(3)
Mother's Response
67(5)
Moonlight
72(9)
Chapter Summary
81(2)
4 Ecological and Social Factors Selecting for Gregariousness: Territoriality, Diet, Site Fidelity, and Dispersal Patterns 83(28)
Territoriality
84(1)
Description of Territorial Behavior
85(5)
Mate Defense
90(1)
Resource Defense
91(4)
Diet
95(9)
Sleeping Trees
104(3)
Site Fidelity
107(1)
Dispersal Patterns
108(2)
Chapter Summary
110(1)
5 Infant Care and the Cost of Infant Transport 111(42)
Gestation Length
112(1)
Litter Size
113(1)
Birth Seasonality
113(1)
Lactation Length and Frequency
114(4)
Infant Transport
118(4)
Mode of Transport: Oral vs. Fur
118(1)
Transport Frequency
119(3)
Parent—Offspring Conflict
122(3)
Infant Parking
125(3)
Infant Falling from Parked Locations
128(1)
Infant Alarm/Distress Calls
129(1)
Infant Environmental Exploration and Developmental Changes
130(3)
Infant Grooming
133(2)
Infant Mortality
135(3)
Mother—Infant Relationships in Galagos and Lorises
138(1)
Modeling Maternal Time Budgets: Why Park?
139(2)
Time Budget of Adult Female Spectral Tarsiers
141(1)
Adult Female Body Weight
142(1)
Infant Birth Weight and Infant Growth
142(4)
Estimating the Energetic Efficiency of Lactation (E)
146(1)
Calculating Time Spent Foraging (Ft) for Adult Female Spectral Tarsiers
147(2)
The Cost of Infant Transport
149(2)
Discussion and Conclusions
151(2)
6 The Cost of Nonmaternal Caretakers: Paternal and Subadult Infant Care 153(32)
Introduction to Male Care
154(2)
Form and Quantity of Paternal Care
156(6)
Energetics of Male Care
162(1)
Male Activity Budgets and Differences with Females
162(2)
Male Care: Discussion and Conclusions
164(1)
Subadult Spectral Tarsiers
165(1)
Allomaternal Care in Primates: Hypotheses
165(3)
Mutualism
165(2)
Reciprocity
167(1)
Kin Selection
167(1)
Benefits of Philopatry
168(1)
Allomaternal Care in Prosimian Primates
168(3)
Allomaternal Care by Subadult Female Spectral Tarsiers
171(7)
Infant Transport
171(1)
Food Sharing
171(2)
Play
173(1)
Grooming
173(2)
Distance
175(2)
Alarm Calls
177(1)
A Time Budget Model for Subadult Infant Care
178(3)
Activity Budgets of Subadults
178(1)
Subadult Body Weight
179(1)
Time Allocation Model
179(2)
Subadult Care: Discussion and Conclusions
181(2)
Why do Spectral Tarsiers Provide Allocare?
181(1)
Could Subadults Continually Transport the Infants?
182(1)
Chapter Summary
183(2)
7 Conservation Status of Spectral Tarsiers 185(14)
Introduction
185(1)
Population Density
186(4)
Population Viability Analysis
190(1)
Captive Conservation
190(1)
Habitat Destruction
191(8)
8 Summary and Conclusions 199(6)
References Cited 205(20)
Index 225

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