Tears of Longing : Nostalgia and the Nation in Japanese Popular Song

by
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2003-09-01
Publisher(s): Harvard Univ Pr
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Summary

Enka, a sentimental ballad genre, epitomizes for many the nihonjin no kokoro (heart/soul of Japanese). To older members of the Japanese public, who constitute enka's primary audience, this music--of parted lovers, long unseen rural hometowns, and self-sacrificing mothers--evokes a direct connection to the traditional roots of "Japaneseness." Overlooked in this emotional invocation of the past, however, are the powerful commercial forces that, since the 1970s, have shaped the consumption of enka and its version of national identity. Informed by theories of nostalgia, collective memory, cultural nationalism, and gender, this book draws on the author's extensive fieldwork in probing the practice of identity-making and the processes at work when Japan becomes "Japan."

Table of Contents

List of Tables ix
List of Figures ix
List of Music Examples x
Prologue 1(12)
Chapter 1 The Cultural Logic of Enka 's Imaginary 13(15)
Collective Remembering, Collective Forgetting
14(3)
Localizing the National, Nationalizing the Local
17(7)
Patterning Forms Through Kata
24(4)
Chapter 2 Inventing Enka: Definitions, Genres, Pasts 28(17)
Defining "Enka'
29(2)
Meiji Era (1868-1912)
31(2)
Taishö Era (1912-1926)
33(2)
Shôwa Era (1926-1989)
35(7)
Heisei Era (1989-present)
42(3)
Chapter 3 Producing Enka: Lessons in Perseverance 45(32)
The Enka Industry: Metaphors for the Nation
46(8)
The Making of a Singer: Imaging the Imaginary
54(19)
The Making of a Hit Song
73(4)
Chapter 4 Enka on Stage: Patterning the Practices of Intimacy 77(13)
Live Performances: Creating a Display of Patterned Intimacy
78(4)
Mediated Performances: Broadcasting Intimacy
82(8)
Chapter 5 Clichés of Excess: Words, Music, Bodies, and Beyond 90(34)
Textual Kata: A Modern Musical Recasting of Waka
92(11)
Musical Kata: Aural Processes of the Past
103(11)
Bodily Kata: Gendered Display
114(8)
Beyond Kata: Cliché and Its Limits
122(2)
Chapter 6 Consuming Enka's Imaginary: Listening, Singing, Doing 124(24)
Enka's Appeal
125(2)
Koenkai and Fan Clubs
127(14)
Karaoke
141(7)
Chapter 7 Enka as Engendered Longing: Romance, Furusato, "Japan" 148(33)
Romancing the Nation
149(19)
Longing for Furusato
168(10)
"Japan"
178(3)
Epilogue 181(6)
Appendix A: Major Record Companies That Produce and Market Enka 187(4)
Appendix B: Regular Mass Media Enka Programs in the Tokyo Area, 1992 191(2)
Appendix C: Listing of Songs in the Corpus 193(12)
Notes 205(22)
References 227(20)
Index 247

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